Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disorder of dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Normal glucose homeostasis is a complex process involving several interacting mechanisms, such as insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose production, and glucose uptake. The dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms due to environmental and/or genetic factors, can lead to a defective glucose homeostasis. Hyperglycemia is managed by augmenting insulin secretion and/or interaction with hepatic glucose production, as well as by decreasing dietary caloric intake and raising glucose metabolism through exercise. Although these interventions can delay disease progression and correct blood glucose levels, they are not able to cure the disease or stop its progression entirely. Better management of type 2 diabetes is sorely needed. Advances in genotyping techniques and the availability of large patient cohorts have made it possible to identify common genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). So far, genetic variants on 19 loci have been identified. Most of these loci contain or lie close to genes that were not previously linked to diabetes and they may thus harbor targets for new drugs. It is also hoped that further genetic studies will pave the way for predictive genetic screening. The newly discovered type 2 diabetes genes can be classified based on their presumed molecular function, and we discuss the relation between these gene classes and current treatments. We go on to consider whether the new genes provide opportunities for developing alternative drug therapies.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, drug targets, genetics, personalized medicine
Current Genomics
Title: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Genetic Insights will Lead to New Therapeutics
Volume: 10 Issue: 2
Author(s): M. G.M. Wolfs, M. H. Hofker, C. Wijmenga and T. W. van Haeften
Affiliation:
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, drug targets, genetics, personalized medicine
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a disorder of dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Normal glucose homeostasis is a complex process involving several interacting mechanisms, such as insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose production, and glucose uptake. The dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms due to environmental and/or genetic factors, can lead to a defective glucose homeostasis. Hyperglycemia is managed by augmenting insulin secretion and/or interaction with hepatic glucose production, as well as by decreasing dietary caloric intake and raising glucose metabolism through exercise. Although these interventions can delay disease progression and correct blood glucose levels, they are not able to cure the disease or stop its progression entirely. Better management of type 2 diabetes is sorely needed. Advances in genotyping techniques and the availability of large patient cohorts have made it possible to identify common genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). So far, genetic variants on 19 loci have been identified. Most of these loci contain or lie close to genes that were not previously linked to diabetes and they may thus harbor targets for new drugs. It is also hoped that further genetic studies will pave the way for predictive genetic screening. The newly discovered type 2 diabetes genes can be classified based on their presumed molecular function, and we discuss the relation between these gene classes and current treatments. We go on to consider whether the new genes provide opportunities for developing alternative drug therapies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wolfs G.M. M., Hofker H. M., Wijmenga C. and van Haeften W. T., Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Genetic Insights will Lead to New Therapeutics, Current Genomics 2009; 10 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920209787847023
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920209787847023 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis
The thematic issue on "Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis" aims to explore the cutting-edge methodologies and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of genomic research, where vast amounts of data pose both challenges and opportunities. This issue will cover a broad spectrum of AI-driven strategies, ...read more
Advanced Computational Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacogenomics
In the era of personalized medicine, understanding the relationship between genetics and drug response is crucial. This issue delves into innovative methodologies, leveraging deep computational analysis and artificial intelligence, to enhance the field of Clinical Pharmacogenomics. The interdisciplinary approach harnesses the power of advanced high-throughput genotyping technologies, sophisticated computational analysis, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Big Data in Cancer Research
Cancer is a significant threat to human life and health, remaining a highly aggressive killer. It is a leading cause of death worldwide and represents a crucial medical issue for humanity. However, in the past decade, the effectiveness of new synthetic anticancer agents has not matched the current clinical speculation. ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Sirtuin Modulators: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Interplay of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) and Metabolizing Enzymes
Current Drug Metabolism Functional and Structural Alterations of Large Arteries: Methodological Issues
Current Pharmaceutical Design History of Development of the Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Japan and the HAPO Study
Current Nutrition & Food Science Natural Compounds Used as Therapies Targeting to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nutrition Status and Weight Management in Chinese Women
Current Women`s Health Reviews Emerging Roles for Vasoactive Peptides in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Protein & Peptide Science Investigation of In Vitro Antiurolithic Property of Purified Polyphenols from Selected Medicinal Plants to Inhibit Renal Calculi
Current Traditional Medicine Coronary Risk Assessment and Management Options in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Prior to Kidney Transplantation
Current Cardiology Reviews Antineoplastic Effects of PPARγ Agonists, with a Special Focus on Thyroid Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: Life-Saving Technology
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Membrane Ion Channels and Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design From Mars to Venus: Gender Differences in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Survey of Mortality Due to Influenza A in North of Iran, 2015-2016
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews The HGF/c-Met Receptor System Under Pathological Conditions
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Antidepressants: Update on Benefits and Risks
Current Psychopharmacology Biomarkers of Protein Oxidation in Human Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Advances in the Generation of Functional β-cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells As a Cure for Diabetes Mellitus
Current Drug Targets Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Diagnosis and Treatments of Diabetes
Current Drug Metabolism Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: Data from a Tertiary Hospital
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets