Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Metabolism

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2002
ISSN (Online): 1875-5453

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Biological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects

Author(s): Raúl Vicente Olmedo-Martín, Inmaculada González-Molero, Gabriel Olveira, Víctor Amo-Trillo and Miguel Jiménez-Pérez*

Volume 20, Issue 5, 2019

Page: [390 - 398] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190520112003

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D has an immunoregulatory action in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) as well as other immune-mediated disorders. Its influence on intestinal permeability, innate and adaptive immunity, and the composition and diversity of the microbiota contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Patients with IBD have a greater prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than the general population, and a possible association between this deficit and a worse course of the disease. However, intervention studies in patients with IBD have proved inconclusive.

Objective: To review all the evidence concerning the role of vitamin D as an important factor in the pathophysiology of IBD, review the associations found between its deficiency and the prognosis of the disease, and draw conclusions for the practical application from the main intervention studies undertaken.

Methods: Structured search and review of basic, epidemiological, clinical and intervention studies evaluating the influence of vitamin D in IBD, following the basic principles of scientific data.

Results: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease activity, quality of life, the consumption of social and healthcare resources, and the durability of anti-TNFα biological treatment. Determination of new metabolites of vitamin D, measurement of its absorption capacity and questionnaires about sun exposure could help identify groups of IBD patients with a special risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion: Well-designed intervention studies are needed in IBD, with probably higher objective plasma doses of vitamin D to establish its efficacy as a therapeutic agent with immunomodulatory properties. Meanwhile, vitamin D deficiency should be screened for and corrected in affected patients in order to achieve adequate bone and phosphocalcic metabolism.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease, vitamin D, clinical outcomes, microbiome, inflammation, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Domènech, E.; Mañosa, M.; Cabré, E. An overview of the natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig. Dis., 2014, 32(4), 320-327.
[2]
Kappelman, M.D.; Porter, C.Q.; Galanko, J.A.; Rifas-Shiman, S.L.; Ollendorf, D.A.; Sandler, R.S.; Finkelstein, J.A. Utilization of healthcare resources by U.S. children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2011, 17(1), 62-68.
[3]
De Souza, H.S.; Fiocchi, C.; Illiopoulos, D. The IBD interactome: An integrated view of aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2017, 14(12), 739-749.
[4]
Sylvester, F.A. Inflammatory bowel disease: effects on bone and mechanisms. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2017, 1033, 133-150.
[5]
Targownik, L.E.; Bernstein, C.N.; Leslie, W.D. Risk factors and management of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 2014, 30, 168-174.
[6]
Reid, I.R.; Bolland, M.J.; Grey, A. Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 2014, 383, 146-155.
[7]
White, J.H. Vitamin D deficiency and the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2018, 175, 23-28.
[8]
Mouli, V.P.; Ananthakrishnan, A.N. Review article: Vitamin D and inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2014, 39, 125-136.
[9]
Del Pinto, R.; Ferri, C.; Cominelli, F. Vitamin D axis in inflammatory bowel diseases: Role, current uses and future perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2017, 18, 2360.
[10]
Gubatan, J.; Moss, A.C. Vitamin D in inflammatory bowel disease: More than just a supplement. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 2018, 34, 217-225.
[11]
Utilsky, A.; Ananthakrishnan, A.N.; Naik, A.; Skaros, S.; Zadvornova, Y.; Binion, D.G.; Issa, M. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Association with disease activity and quality of life. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr, 2011, 35(3), 308-316.
[12]
Theodoratou, E.; Tzoulak, I.; Zgaga, L.; Ionnidids, J.P. Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. BMJ, 2014, 348, g2035.
[13]
O´Sullivan.Is vitamin D supplementation a viable treatment for Crohn’s disease? Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2016, 10, 1-4.
[14]
Holick, M.F. Vitamin D deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med., 2007, 357, 266-28.
[15]
Holick, M.F.; Vitamin, D. A millennium perspective. J. Cell. Biochem., 2003, 88, 296-307.
[16]
Ardesia, M.; Ferlazzo, G.; Fries, W. Vitamin D and Inflammatory bowel disease. BioMed Res. Int., 2015, 2015, 470805.
[17]
Malmstroem, S.; Renjmark, L.; Imboden, J.B.; Shoback, D.M.; Bikle, D.D. Current assays to determine free 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum. J. AOAC Int., 2017, 100, 1323-1327.
[18]
Nielsen, O.H.; Rejnmark, L.; Moss, A.C. Role of vitamin D in the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease. J. Crohn’s Colitis, 2018, 12(6), 742-752.
[19]
Gil, A.; Plaza-Díaz, J.; Mesa, M.D.; Vitamin, D. Classic and novel actions. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 2018, 72, 87-95.
[20]
Basit, S. Vitamin D in health and disease: A literature review. Br. J. Biomed. Sci., 2013, 70(4), 161-172.
[21]
Powe, C.E.; Ricciardi, C.; Berg, A.H.; Erdenesanaa, D.; Collerone, G.; Ankers, E.; Wenger, J.; Karumanchi, S.A.; Thadhani, R.; Bahn, I. Vitamin D-binding protein modifies the vitamin D-bone mineral density relationship. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2012, 26(7), 1609-1616.
[22]
Rosen, C.J. Clinical practice. Vitamin D insufficiency. N. Engl. J. Med., 2011, 364, 248-254.
[23]
Pike, J.W.; Meyer, M.B. The vitamin D receptor: New paradigms for the regulation of gene expression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am., 2010, 39, 255-269.
[24]
Leyssens, C.; Verlinden, L.; De Hertogh, G.; Kato, S.; Gysemans, C.; Mathieu, C.; Carmeliet, G.; Verstuyf, A. Impact on experimental colitis of vitamin D receptor deletion in intestinal epithelial or myeloid cells. Endocrinology, 2017, 158, 2354-2366.
[25]
Garg, M.; Royce, S.G.; Tikellis, C.; Shallue, C.; Sluka, P.; Wardam, H.; Hosking, P.; Monagle, S.; Thomas, M.; Lubel, J.S.; Gibson, P. The intestinal vitamin D receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: Inverse correlation with inflammation but no relationship with circulating vitamin D status. Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol., 2019, 12, 1-15.
[26]
Christakos, S.; Dhawan, P.; Verstuyf, A.; Verlinden, L.; Carmeliet, G.; Vitamin, D. Metabolism, molecular mechanism of action and pleiotropic effects. Physiol. Rev., 2016, 96, 365-408.
[27]
Christakos, S.; Lieben, L.; Masuyama, R.; Carmeliet, G. Vitamin D endocrrine system and the intestine. Bonekey Rep., 2014, 3, 496.
[28]
Erben, R.; Andrukhova, O. FGF23-Klotho signaling axis in the kidney. Bone, 2017, 100, 62-68.
[29]
Ryan, J.W.; Reinke, D.; Kogawa, M.; Turner, G.A.; Atkins, A.J.; Anderson, P.H.; Morris, A.H. Novel targets of vitamin D activity in bone: Action of the vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Curr. Drug Targets, 2013, 14, 1683-1688.
[30]
Stio, M.; Retico, L.; Annese, V.; Bonanomi, A.G. Vitamin D regulates the tight-junction protein expression in active ulcerative colitis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 2016, 51, 1193-1199.
[31]
Zhang, Y.G.; Lu, R.; Xia, Y.; Zhou, D.; Petrof, E.; Claud, E.C.; Sun, J. Lack of vitamin D receptor leads to hyperfunction of claudin-2 in intestinal inflammatory responses. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2019, 25, 97-110.
[32]
Ooi, J.H.; Li, Y.; Rogers, C.J.; Cantorna, M.T. Vitamin D regulates the gut microbiome and protects mice from dextran sodium sufate-induced colitis. J. Nutr., 2013, 143, 1679-1686.
[33]
Schaffler, H.; Herlemann, D.P.; Klinitzke, P.; Berlin, P.; Kreikemeyer, B.; Jaster, R. Vitamin D administration leads to a shift of the intestinal bacterial composition in Crohn’s disease patients, but not healthy controls. J. Dig. Dis., 2018, 19(4), 225-234.
[34]
Wang, T.T.; Dabbas, B.; Laperriere, D.; Bitton, A.J.; Soualhine, H.; Tavera-Mendoza, L.E.; Dionne, S.; Servant, M.J.; Bitton, A. Seidman, E.G.; Mader, S.; Behr, M.A.; White, J.H. Direct and indirect induction by 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D3 of the NOD2/CARD15-defensin β2 innate immune pathway defective in Crohn disease. J. Biol. Chem., 2010, 285, 2227-2231.
[35]
Raftery, T.; Martineau, A.R.; Greiller, C.L.; Ghosh, S.; McNamara, D.; Bennet, K.; Meddings, J.; O’Sullivan, M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on intestinal permeability, cathelicidin and disease markers in Crohn’s disease: Results from a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. United European Gastroenterol. J., 2015, 3(3), 294-302.
[36]
Ng, S.C.; Kamm, M.A.; Stagg, A.J.; Knight, S.C. Intestinal dendritic cells: Their role in bacterial recognition, lymphocyte homing, and intestinal inflammation. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2010, 16, 1787-1807.
[37]
Bartels, L.E.; Jorgensen, S.P.; Bendix, M.; Hvas, C.L.; Agnholt, J.; Agger, R.; Dahlerup, J.F. 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 modulates dendritic cell phenotype and function in Crohn’s disease. Inflammopharmacology, 2013, 21, 177-186.
[38]
Bartels, L.E.; Bendix, M.; Hvas, C.L.; Jorgensen, S.P.; Angholt, J.; Agger, R.; Dahlerup, J.F. Oral vitamin D3 supplementation reduces monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production in Crohn’s disease patients. Inflammopharmacology, 2014, 22, 95-103.
[39]
Basson, A. Vitamin D and Crohn’s disease in the adult patient: A review. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr., 2014, 38, 438-458.
[40]
Pedersen, J.; LaCasse, E.C.; Seidelin, J.B.; Coskun, M.; Nielsen, O.H. Vitamin D improves inflammatory bowel disease outcomes: Basic science and clinical review. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, 20, 4934-4947.
[41]
Reich, K.M.; Fedorak, R.N.; Madsen, K.; Kroekler, K.L. Vitamin D improves inflammatory bowel disease outcomes: Basic science and clinical review. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, 20, 4934-4947.
[42]
Martinesi, M.; Treves, C.; d’Albasio, G.; Bagnoli, S.; Bonamoni, A.G.; Stio, M. Vitamin D derivatives induce apoptosis and downregulate ICAM-1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2008, 14, 597-604.
[43]
Gubatan, J.; Mitsuhashi, S.; Longhi, M.S.; Zenlea, T.; Rosenberg, L.; Robson, S.; Moss, A.C. Higher serum vitamin D levels are associated with protective serum cytokine profiles in patients with ulcerative colitis. Cytokine, 2018, 103, 38-45.
[44]
Manson, J.E.; Brannon, P.M.; Rosen, C.J.; Taylor, C.L. Vitamin D deficiency - is there really a pandemic? N. Engl. J. Med., 2016, 375, 1817-1820.
[45]
Ross, A.C.; Manson, J.E.; Abrams, S.A.; Aloia, J.F.; Brannon, P.M.; Clinton, S.K.; Durazo-Arvizu, R.A.; Gallagher, J.C.; Gallo, R.L.; Jones, G.; Kovacs, C.S.; Mayne, S.T.; Rosen, C.J.; Shapses, S.A. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicines: What clinicians need to know. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2011, 96, 53-58.
[46]
Holick, M.F.; Binkley, N.C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.; Gordon, C.M.; Hanley, D.A. Heaney, R.P.; Murad, M.H.; Weaver, C.M. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An endocrine society practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2011, 96, 1911-1930.
[47]
Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A. Optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for multiple health outcomes. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2008, 624, 55-71.
[48]
Rooney, M.R.; Harnack, L.; Michos, E.D.; Ogilvie, R.P.; Sempos, C.T.; Lutsey, P.L. Trends in use of high-dose vitamin D supplements exceeding 1000 or 4000 international units daily, 1999-2014. JAMA, 2017, 317, 2448-2450.
[49]
Del Pinto, P.R.; Pietropaoli, D.; Chandar, A.K.; Ferri, C.; Cominelli, F. Association between inflammatory bowel disease and vitamin D deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2015, 21, 2708-2717.
[50]
Sadeghian, M.; Saneei, P.; Siassi, F.; Esmaillzadeh, A. Vitamin D status in relation to Crohn’s disease: Meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrition, 2016, 32, 505-514.
[51]
Chatu, S.; Chhaya, V.; Holmes, R.; Neild, P.; Kang, J.Y.; Pollock, R.C.; Poullis, A. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in a multicultural inflammatory bowel disease cohort. Frontline Gastroenterol., 2013, 4, 51-56.
[52]
Pallav, K.; Riche, D.; May, W.L.; Sanchez, P.; Gupta, N.K. Predictors of vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease and health: A Mississippi perspective. World J. Gastroenterol., 2017, 23, 638-645.
[53]
Lee, S.; Metcalfe, A.; Raman, M.; Leung, Y.; Aghajafari, F.; Letourneau, N.; Panaccione, R.; Kaplan, C.G.; Seow, C.H. Pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risk of vitamin D insufficiency: A cross sectional study. J. Crohn’s Colitis, 2018, 12, 702-709.
[54]
Tajika, M.; Matsuura, A.; Nakamura, T.; Suzuki, T.; Sawaki, A.; Kato, T.; Hara, K.; Ookubo, K.; Yamao, K.; Kato, M.; Muto, Y. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in patients with Crohn’s disease. J. Gastroenterol., 2004, 39, 527-533.
[55]
Schaffler, H.; Schmidt, M.; Huth, A.; Reiner, J.; Glass, A.; Lamprecht, G. Clinical factors are associated with vitamin D levels in IBD patients: A retrospective analysis. J. Dig. Dis., 2018, 19, 24-32.
[56]
Burrelli Scotti, G.; Afferri, M.T.; De Carolis, A.; Vaiarello, V.; Fassino, V.; Ferrone, F.; Minisola, S.; Nieddu, L.; Vernia, P. Factors affecting vitamin D deficiency in active inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig. Liver Dis., 2019, 51(5), 657-662.
[57]
Zullow, S.; Jambaulikar, G.; Rustgi, A.; Quezada, S.; Cross, R.K. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and impact of repletion in a tertiary care inflammatory bowel disease population. Dig. Dis. Sci., 2017, 62, 2072-2078.
[58]
Raftery, T.; O’Morain, C. O’Sullivan. Vitamin D: new roles and therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Drug Metab., 2012, 13(9), 1294-1302.
[59]
Olmedo Martín, R.V.; Gonzalez Molero, I.; Olveira Fuster, G.; Amo Trillo, V.; Jiménez Pérez, M. Vitamin D deficiency in outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease: Prevalence and association with clinical-biological activity. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig., 2019, 111(1), 46-54.
[60]
Hassan, V.; Hassan, S.; Seyed-Javad, P.; Ahmad, K.; Asieh, H.; Maryam, S.; Farid, F.; Siavash, A. Association between serum 25 (OH) vitamin D concentrations and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) activity. Med. J. Malaysia, 2013, 68, 34-38.
[61]
Raftery, T.; Merrick, M.; Healy, M.; Mahmud, N.; O’Morain, C.; Smith, S.; McManamara, D.; O’Sullivan, M. Vitamin D status is associated with intestinal inflammation as measured by fecal calprotectin in Crohn’s disease in clinical remission. Dig. Dis. Sci., 2015, 60, 2427-2435.
[62]
Jorgensen, S.P.; Hvas, C.L.; Aghholt, J.; Christensen, L.A.; Heickendorff, L.; Dahlerup, J.F. Active Crohn’s disease is associated with low vitamin D levels. J. Crohn’s Colitis, 2013, 7, e407-e413.
[63]
Frigstad, S.O.; Hoivik, M.; Jahnsen, J.; Dahl, S.R.; Cvancarova, M.; Grimstad, T.; Berset, I.P.; Huppertz-Hauss, G.; Hovde, O.; Torp, R.; Bernklev, T.; Moum, B.; Jelsness-Jorgensen, L.P. Vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease: Prevalence and predictors in a Norwegian outpatient population. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 2017, 52(2), 100-106.
[64]
Ye, L.; Lin, Z.; Liu, J.; Cao, Q. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with endoscopic severity in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract., 2017, 2017, 4869718.
[65]
Torki, M.; Gholamrezaei, A.; Mirbagher, L.; Danesh, M.; Kheiri, S.; Emami, M.H. Vitamin D deficiency associated with disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci., 2015, 60, 3085-3091.
[66]
Garg, M.; Rosella, O.; Lubel, J.S.; Gibson, P.R. Association of circulating vitamin D concentrations with intestinal but not systemic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2013, 19, 2634-2463.
[67]
Meckel, K.; Li, Y.C.; Kocherginsky, M.; Weber, C.; Almoghrabi, A.; Chen, X.; Kaboff, A.; Sadiq, F.; Hanauer, S.B.; Cohen, R.D.; Kwon, J.; Rubin, D.T.; Sakuraba, A.; Yen, E.; Bissonnette, M.; Pekow, J. Serum 25-hydroxivitamin D concentration is inversely associated with mucosal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2016, 104(1), 113-120.
[68]
Ananthakrishnan, A.N.; Cagan, A.; Gainer, V.S. Higher plasma vitamin D is associated with reduced risk of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2014, 39, 1136-1142.
[69]
Hlavaty, T.; Krajcovicova, A.; Koller, T.; Toth, J.; Nevidanska, M.; Huorka, M.; Payer, J. Higher vitamin D serum concentration increases health relate quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, 20(42), 15787-15796.
[70]
Kabanni, T.; Koutroubakis, I.E.; Schoen, R.E.; Ramos-Rivers, C.; Shah, N.; Swoger, J.; Regueiro, M.; Barrie, A.; Schwartz, M.; Hashash, J.G.; Baidoo, L.; Dunn, M.A.; Binion, D.G. Association of vitamin D level with clinical status in inflammatory bowel disease: A 5-year longitudinal study. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2016, 111(5), 712-719.
[71]
Frigstad, S.O.; Hoivik, M.L.; Jahnsen, J.; Cvancarova, M.; Grimstad, T.; Berset, I.P.; Huppertz-Hauss, G.; Hovde, O.; Bernklev, T.; Moum, B.; Jelsness-Jorgensen, L.P. Fatigue is not associated with vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease patients. World J. Gastroenterol., 2018, 24(9), 3293-3301.
[72]
Sharifi, A.; Vahedi, H.; Nedjat, S.; Mohamadkhani, A.; Hosseinzadeh Attar, M.J. Vitamin D decreases Beck depression inventory score in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J. Diet. Suppl., 2018, 29, 1-9.
[73]
Ananthakrishnan, A.N.; Cagan, A.; Gainer, V.S.; Cai, T.; Cheng, S.C.; Savova, G.; Chen, P.; Szovolovits, P.; Xia, Z.; De Jager, P.L.; Shaw, S.Y.; Curchill, S.; Karlson, E.W.; Kohane, I.; Plenge, R.M.; Murphy, S.N.; Liao, K.P. Normalization of plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D is associated with reduced risk of surgery in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2013, 19(9), 1921-1927.
[74]
Ham, M.; Longhi, M.S.; Lahiff, C.; Cheifetz, A.; Robson, S.; Moss, A.C. Vitamin D levels in an adults with Crohn’s disease are responsive to disease activity and treatment. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2014, 20, 856-860.
[75]
Zator, Z.A.; Cantu, S.M.; Konijeti, G.G.; Nguyen, D.D.; Sauk, J.; Yajnik, V.; Ananthakrishnan, A.N. Pretreatment 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and durability of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(3), 385-391.
[76]
Winter, R.W.; Collins, E.; Cao, B.; Carrellas, M.; Crowel, A.M.; Korzenik, J.R. Higher 25-hydroxivitamin D levels are associated with greater odds of remission with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α medications among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2017, 45(5), 653-659.
[77]
Santos-Antunes, J.; Nunes, A.C.; Lopes, S.; Macedo, G. The relevance of vitamin D and antinuclear antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease under anti-TNF treatment: a prospective study. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2016, 2(5), 1101-1106.
[78]
Harbord, M.; Annese, V.; Vavricka, S.R.; Allez, M.; Barreiro-de Acosta, M.; Boberg, K.M.; Burisch, J.; de Vos, M.; De Vries, A.; Dick, A.D.; Juillerat, P.; Karlsen, T.H.; Koutroubakis, I.; Lakatos, P.; Orchard, T.; Pavay, P.; Raine, T.; Reinshagen, M.; Thaci, D.; Tilg, H.; Carbonell, F. The first European evidence-based consensus on extra-intestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. J. Crohn’s Colitis, 2016, 10(3), 239-254.
[79]
Yang, L.; Weaver, V.; Smith, J.P.; Bingaman, S.; Hartmann, T.J.; Cantorna, M-T. Therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation in a pilot study of Crohn’s patients. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol., 2013, 4, e33.
[80]
Jorgensen, S.P.; Agnholt, J.; Glerup, H.; Lyhne, S.; Villadsen, G.E. Hvas, C.L.; Bartels, L.E.; Kelsen, J.; Christensen, L.A.; Dahlerup, J.F. Clinical trial: Vitamin D3 treatment in Crohn’s disease - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2010, 32(3), 377-383.
[81]
Sharifi, A.; Hosseinzadeh-Attar, M.J.; Vahedi, H.; Nedjat, S. A randomized controlled trial on the effect of vitamin D3 on inflammation and cathelicidin gene expression in ulcerative colitis patients. Saudi J. Gastroenterol., 2016, 22(4), 316-323.
[82]
Garg, M.; Rosella, O.; Rosella, G.; Wu, Y.; Lubel, J.S.; Gibson, P.R. Evaluation of a 12-week targeted vitamin D supplementation regimen in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Nutr., 2018, 37(4), 1375-1383.
[83]
Tan, B.; Li, P.; Lv, H.; Yang, H.; Li, Y.; Li, J.; Wang, O.; Quian, J.M. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese inflammatory bowel disease patients: a prospective, randomized, open-label pilot study. J. Dig. Dis., 2018, 19(4), 215-224.
[84]
Mathur, J.; Naing, S.; Mils, P.; Limsui, D. A randomized clinical trial of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in ulcerative colitis patients with hypovitaminosis D3. PeerJ, 2017, 5, e3654.
[85]
Narula, N.; Cooray, M.; Anglin, R. Impact of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with Crohn’s disease in remission: A pilot randomized double-blind controlled study. Dig. Dis. Sci., 2017, 62, 448-455.
[86]
Dadaei, T.; Safapoor, M.H.; Asadzadeh Aghdaei, H.; Balaii, H.; Pourhoseingholi, M.A.; Naderi, N.; Zojaji, H.; Azimzadeh, P.; Mohammadi, P.; Zali, M.R. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on TNF-α serum level and disease activity index in Iranian IBD patients. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench, 2015, 8(1), 49-55.
[87]
Jun, J.C.; Yoon, H.; Choi, Y.J.; Shin, C.M.; Park, Y.S.; Kim, N.; Lee, D.H. The effect of vitamin D administration on inflammatory markers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Intest. Res., 2019, 17(2), 210-217.
[88]
Li, J.; Chen, N.; Wang, D.; Zhang, J.; Gong, X. Efficacy of vitamin D in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(46), e12662.
[89]
Binkley, N.; Dawson-Hughes, B.; Durazo-Arvizu, R. Vitamin D measurement standardization: The way out of the chaos. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2017, 173, 117-121.
[90]
Huang, J.; Chen, T.; Liu, Y.; Liu, L.; Li, X.; Yue, W. How would serum 25(OH)D level change in patients with inflammatory bowel disease depending on intestinal mucosa vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D1-α hydroxylase (CYP27B1)? Turk. J. Gastroenterol., 2019, 30(2), 132-138.
[91]
Kim, S.M.; Lutsey, P.L.; Michos, E.D. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: Can novel measures of vitamin D status improve risk prediction and address the vitamin D racial paradox? Curr. Cardiovasc. Risk Rep., 2017, 11, 3.
[92]
Muller, M.J.; Stockes, C.S.; Lammert, F.; Volmer, D.A. Chemotyping the distribution of vitamin D metabolites in human serum. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 21080.
[93]
Farraye, F.A.; Nimitphong, H.; Stucchi, A. Use of a novel vitamin D bioavailability test demonstrates that vitamin D absorption is decreased in patients with quiescent Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2011, 17, 2116-2121.
[94]
Lu, C.; Yang, J.; Yu, W.; Li, D.; Xiang, Z.; Lin, Y.; Yu, C. Association between 25(OH)D level, ultraviolet exposure, geographical location, and inflammatory bowel disease activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7), e0132036.
[95]
Vernia, P.; Burrelli Scotti, G.; Dei Giudici, A.; Chiappini, A.; Cannizzaro, S.; Aferri, M.T.; de Carolis, A. Inadequate sunlight exposure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J. Dig. Dis., 2018, 19(1), 8-14.
[96]
Limketkai, B.N.; Bayless, T.M.; Brant, S.R.; Hutfless, S.M. Lower regional and temporal ultraviolet exposure is associated with increased rates and severity of inflammatory bowel disease hospitalisation. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2014, 40(5), 508-517.
[97]
Giagkou, E.; Saridi, M.; Albani, E.; Gaitanis, G.; Katsanos, A.; Bechlioulis, A.; Bacasis, A.D.; Christodoulou, D.K.; Katsanos, K.H. Dermal lesions and skin cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 2018, 19(10), 2845-2851.
[98]
Tew, G.A.; Jones, K.; Mikocka-Walus, A. Physical activity habits, limitations and predictors in people with inflammatory bowel disease: a large cross-sectional online survey. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2016, 22(12), 2933-2942.
[99]
Sham, L.; Yeh, E.A.; Magalhaes, S.; Parra, E.J.; Gozdzik, A.; Banwell, B.; Hanwell, H.E. Evaluation of fall sun exposure score in predicting vitamin D status in young Canadian adults, and the influence of ancestry. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 2015, 145, 25-29.
[100]
Garg, M. Hendy, P.; Ding, J.N.; Shaw, S.; Hold, G.; Hart, A. The effect of vitamin D on intestinal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. J. Crohn’s Colitis, 2018, 12(8), 963-972.
[101]
Waterhouse, J.C.; Perez, T.H.; Albert, P.J. Reversing bacteria-induced vitamin D receptor dysfunction is key to autoimmune disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2009, 1173, 757-765.
[102]
Wu, S.; Yoon, S.; Zhang, Y.G.; Lu, R.; Xia, Y.; Wan, J.; Petrof, E.O.; Claud, E.C.; Chen, D.; Sun, J. Vitamin D receptor pathway is required for probiotic protection in colitis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 2015, 309, 341-349.
[103]
Laverny, G.; Penna, G.; Vetrano, S.; Correale, C.; Nebuloni, M.; Danese, S.; Adorini, L. Efficacy of a potent and safe vitamin D receptor agonist for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Immunol. Lett., 2010, 131, 49-58.
[104]
Goff, J.P.; Koszewski, N.J.; Haynes, J.S.; Horst, R.L. Targeted delivery of vitamin D to the colon using glucuronides of vitamin D: Therapeutic effects in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 2012, 302, 460-469.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
74
8
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy