Abstract
Nowadays more than thousands of different nanoparticles are known, though no well-defined guidelines to evaluate their potential toxicity and to control their exposure are fully provided. The way of entry of nanoparticles together with their specificities such as chemistry, chemical composition, size, shape or morphology, surface charge and area can influence their biological activities and effects. A specific property may give rise to either a safe particle or to a dangerous one. The small size allows nanoparticles to enter the body by crossing several barriers, to pass into the blood stream and lymphatic system from where they can reach organs and tissues and strictly interact with biological structures, thus damaging their normal functions in different ways. This review provides a summary of what is known on the toxicology related to the specificity of nanoparticles, both as technological tools or ambient pollutants. The aim is to highlight their potential hazard and to provide a balanced update on all the important questions and directions that should be focused in the near future.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, toxicity.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Toxicity of Nanoparticles
Volume: 21 Issue: 33
Author(s): Maria Antonietta Zoroddu, Serenella Medici, Alessia Ledda, Valeria Marina Nurchi, Joanna I. Lachowicz and Massimiliano Peana
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nanoparticles, toxicity.
Abstract: Nowadays more than thousands of different nanoparticles are known, though no well-defined guidelines to evaluate their potential toxicity and to control their exposure are fully provided. The way of entry of nanoparticles together with their specificities such as chemistry, chemical composition, size, shape or morphology, surface charge and area can influence their biological activities and effects. A specific property may give rise to either a safe particle or to a dangerous one. The small size allows nanoparticles to enter the body by crossing several barriers, to pass into the blood stream and lymphatic system from where they can reach organs and tissues and strictly interact with biological structures, thus damaging their normal functions in different ways. This review provides a summary of what is known on the toxicology related to the specificity of nanoparticles, both as technological tools or ambient pollutants. The aim is to highlight their potential hazard and to provide a balanced update on all the important questions and directions that should be focused in the near future.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zoroddu Antonietta Maria, Medici Serenella, Ledda Alessia, Nurchi Marina Valeria, Lachowicz I. Joanna and Peana Massimiliano, Toxicity of Nanoparticles, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140601162314
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140601162314 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Understanding the Dual Inhibition of COX-2 and Carbonic Anhydrase-II by Celecoxib and CG100649 Using Density Functional Theory Calculations and other Molecular Modelling Approaches
Protein & Peptide Letters Triazol-phenyl Antipyretic Derivatives Inhibit mPGES-1 mRNA Levels in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Quality of Life of Healthcare Workers Suffering from Occupational Contact Dermatitis
Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery A Review of Studies on Targeting Interleukin 4 Receptor for Central Nervous System Malignancy
Current Molecular Medicine Platelets and Platelet-Derived Microparticles in Vascular Inflammatory Disease
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Editorial [Hot Topic: Innate Immunity and Autoimmune Disease (Guest Editors: F. Susan Wong and Li Wen)]
Current Molecular Medicine Gene Assessment and Sample Classification for Gene Expression Data Using a Genetic Algorithm / k-nearest Neighbor Method
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide: Focus on Structure- Activity Relationships of a Neuroprotective Peptide
Current Medicinal Chemistry Mesenchymal Stem Cells Neuronal Differentiation Ability: A Real Perspective for Nervous System Repair?
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Validation of TZD Scaffold as Potential ARIs: Pharmacophore Modeling, Atom-based 3D QSAR and Docking Studies
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Steroidal Conjugates and Their Pharmacological Applications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Bubble Electrospinning: Patents, Promises and Challenges
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Consequences and Possible Drug Targets
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Treatment and Management
Current Pediatric Reviews The Influence of Co-Ligands on Improving Tumor Targeting of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC Conjugated Peptides
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Directed Differentiation and Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Implications for Tendon Repair and Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Are Anti-Angiogenic Drugs Useful in Neurodegenerative Disorders?
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Hydrophilic Dual Vitamin E-Like Antioxidants as Modulators of Inflammatory Response in Low-Flow States and Impaired Wound Healing
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Platelet Toll-Like Receptor Expression: The Link Between “Danger” Ligands and Inflammation
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Angiogenesis as a Therapeutic Target in Arthritis: Lessons from Oncology
Current Pharmaceutical Design