Abstract
The chelator currently used to treat iron (Fe) overload disease, desferrioxamine (DFO), has shown anti-proliferative activity against leukemia and neuroblastoma cells in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials. Collectively, these studies suggest that Fe-deprivation may be a useful anti-cancer strategy. However, the efficacy of DFO is severely limited due to its poor ability to permeate cell membranes and bind intracellular Fe pools. These limitations have encouraged the development of other Fe chelators that are far more effective than DFO. One group of ligands that have been extensively investigated are those of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) class. In this review the marked anti-proliferative effects of the PIH analogs are discussed with reference to their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships. In particular, we discuss the activity of a novel group of ligands that are “hybrid” chelators derived from our most effective PIH analogs and thiosemicarbazones. The anti-tumor activity of the PIH analogs and other chelators such as tachpyridine, O-trensox and the desferrithiocin analogs have been well characterized in vitro. However, further studies in animals are critical to evaluate their selective anti-tumor activity and potential as therapeutic agents.
Keywords: cancer, desferrioxamine, iron chelators, iron metabolism, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Iron Chelators as Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Current Developments and Promise of the PIH Class of Chelators
Volume: 10 Issue: 12
Author(s): D. B. Lovejoy and D. R. Richardson
Affiliation:
Keywords: cancer, desferrioxamine, iron chelators, iron metabolism, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone
Abstract: The chelator currently used to treat iron (Fe) overload disease, desferrioxamine (DFO), has shown anti-proliferative activity against leukemia and neuroblastoma cells in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials. Collectively, these studies suggest that Fe-deprivation may be a useful anti-cancer strategy. However, the efficacy of DFO is severely limited due to its poor ability to permeate cell membranes and bind intracellular Fe pools. These limitations have encouraged the development of other Fe chelators that are far more effective than DFO. One group of ligands that have been extensively investigated are those of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) class. In this review the marked anti-proliferative effects of the PIH analogs are discussed with reference to their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships. In particular, we discuss the activity of a novel group of ligands that are “hybrid” chelators derived from our most effective PIH analogs and thiosemicarbazones. The anti-tumor activity of the PIH analogs and other chelators such as tachpyridine, O-trensox and the desferrithiocin analogs have been well characterized in vitro. However, further studies in animals are critical to evaluate their selective anti-tumor activity and potential as therapeutic agents.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lovejoy B. D. and Richardson R. D., Iron Chelators as Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Current Developments and Promise of the PIH Class of Chelators, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2003; 10 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457557
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457557 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Beyond Cox-Inhibition: ‘Side-Effects’ of Ibuprofen on Neoplastic Development and Progression
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) and Its Role in Mitochondrial Biology and Psychiatric Disorders
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Multiple Pharmaceutical Potential of Curcumin in Parkinson's Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Data Visualization and Feature Selection Methods in Gel-based Proteomics
Current Protein & Peptide Science Plant Bioactive Peptides: Current Status and Prospects Towards Use on Human Health
Protein & Peptide Letters From QTL to Candidate Gene: A Genetic Approach to Alcoholism Research
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Netrin and DCC: Axon Guidance Regulators at the Intersection of Nervous System Development and Cancer
Current Drug Targets Repurposing of Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Mechanisms, Proteinopathies and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Genomics Toxicity and Surface Modification of Dendrimers: A Critical Review
Current Drug Delivery Amyloid Beta Peptide 1-40 Stimulates the Na+ / Ca2+ Exchange Activity of SNCX
Current Neurovascular Research Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) Inhibitors as a New Lead for Treating Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Current Drug Targets Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: Proneurogenic Effects of Aβ Oligomers and HMGB-1 via Activation of the RAGE-NF-κB Axis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Regulation of Apoptosis by Gram-Positive Bacteria: Mechanistic Diversity and Consequences for Immunity
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) From Multiple PAR1 Receptor/Protein Interactions to their Multiple Therapeutic Implications
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Aspects of Neuronal Differentiation In Vitro and Monitoring with Advanced Biosensor Tools
Current Medicinal Chemistry Retinoic Acid Metabolism and Mechanism of Action: A Review
Current Drug Metabolism A Current Review of Cypermethrin-Induced Neurotoxicity and Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration
Current Neuropharmacology Mitochondria: Prospective Targets for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Cardio Renal Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design