Development of lithium--metal sulfide batteries for load leveling. [Li/KCl-LiCl/Fe sulfides, Li and Li-Si negative electrodes]
A multi-element project directed to the development of a lithium--iron sulfide battery for electric utility energy storage is described. This battery uses a molten KCl--LiCl electrolyte and is operated at about 400/sup 0/C. This report describes the work performed on iron sulfide positive electrodes during the period of April 1 to December 30, 1974. The status of associated elements of the project concerned with lithium negative electrodes, ceramic components, and cell design is also presented. Investigations of iron sulfide active materials, current-conductive matrices, and electrode housings were made with the objective of developing low-cost, long-lived iron sulfide electrodes. A number of small electrodes using FeS/sub 1/./sub 5/ (FeS and FeS/sub 2/) were cycled to complete discharge at the C/10 rate for up to 100 cycles without loss of capacity and with active material utilizations and Coulombic efficiencies approaching 100 percent. Capacities of 0.6 Ah/cm/sup 3/ of electrode void volume were easily attained. An FeS electrode prepared from Li/sub 2/S and iron powder in excess performed well. The iron sulfide electrodes were tested in cells using liquid lithium negative electrodes. Cell life is presently limited by separator failure. Scaleup of iron sulfide electrodes from 5 cm/sup 2/ to 25 cm/sup 2/ in area was carried out successfully. A 100-Wh cell was designed and built with electrodes of 100 cm/sup 2/ size. Preparation of high-purity lithium-resistant ceramic components was inaugurated. A 150-Wh cell is being designed. A new solid lithium--silicon alloy negative electrode was discovered. Lithium release problems with liquid electrodes are eliminated with this solid electrode. The lithium--silicon alloy offers a higher capacity and less voltage loss than the lithium-aluminum alloy, and heat management requirements are alleviated. 13 figures, 5 tables.
- Research Organization:
- Rockwell International Corp., Canoga Park, CA (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 7253425
- Report Number(s):
- EPRI-116
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Development of lithium--metal sulfide batteries for load leveling. Progress report No. 3, July 1, 1975--September 30, 1976. [25 to 1000 Wh, >1000 cycles]
Development of lithium/metal sulfide batteries at Argonne National Laboratory: summary report, 1976. [Li--Al/LiCl--KCl/FeSorFeS/sub 2/, 400 to 450/sup 0/C]
Related Subjects
LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
ANODES
CATHODES
OFF-PEAK ENERGY STORAGE
BATTERY SEPARATORS
HIGH TEMPERATURE
IRON SULFIDES
LITHIUM BASE ALLOYS
LITHIUM CHLORIDES
PERFORMANCE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDES
PYRITE
SILICON ALLOYS
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALLOYS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTRODES
ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
IRON COMPOUNDS
LITHIUM ALLOYS
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
LITHIUM HALIDES
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
MINERALS
ORES
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
PYRITES
STORAGE
SULFIDES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR ORES
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
250901* - Energy Storage- Batteries- Design & Development
250903 - Energy Storage- Batteries- Materials
Components
& Auxiliaries