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Title: Use of Wind Turbine Kinetic Energy to Supply Transmission Level Services

Abstract

This paper discusses the broad use of rotational kinetic energy stored in wind turbine rotors to supply services to the electrical power grid. The grid services are discussed in terms of zero-net-energy, which do not require a reduction in power output via pitch control (spill), but neither do they preclude doing so. The services discussed include zero-net-energy regulation, transient and small signal stability, and other frequency management services. The delivery of this energy requires a trade-off between the frequency and amplitude of power modulation and is limited, in some cases, by equipment ratings and the unresearched long-term mechanical effects on the turbine. As wind displaces synchronous generation, the grid's inertial storage is being reduced, but the amount of accessible kinetic energy in a wind turbine at rated speed is approximately 6 times greater than that of a generator with only a 0.12% loss in efficiency and 75 times greater at 10% loss. The potential flexibility of the wind's kinetic storage is also high. However, the true cost of providing grid services using wind turbines, which includes a potential increase in operations and maintenance costs, have not been compared to the value of the services themselves.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2]
  1. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  2. Baylor Univ., Waco, TX (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Electricity (OE), Advanced Grid Research & Development. Power Systems Engineering Research; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1489867
Report Number(s):
SAND-2018-3200
671156
DOE Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
17 WIND ENERGY; 24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

Citation Formats

Guttromson, Ross, White, Jonathan, Berg, Jonathan Charles, Wilches-Bernal, Felipe, Hansen, Clifford, Paquette, Joshua, and Gravagne, Ian. Use of Wind Turbine Kinetic Energy to Supply Transmission Level Services. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.2172/1489867.
Guttromson, Ross, White, Jonathan, Berg, Jonathan Charles, Wilches-Bernal, Felipe, Hansen, Clifford, Paquette, Joshua, & Gravagne, Ian. Use of Wind Turbine Kinetic Energy to Supply Transmission Level Services. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1489867
Guttromson, Ross, White, Jonathan, Berg, Jonathan Charles, Wilches-Bernal, Felipe, Hansen, Clifford, Paquette, Joshua, and Gravagne, Ian. 2018. "Use of Wind Turbine Kinetic Energy to Supply Transmission Level Services". United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1489867. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1489867.
@article{osti_1489867,
title = {Use of Wind Turbine Kinetic Energy to Supply Transmission Level Services},
author = {Guttromson, Ross and White, Jonathan and Berg, Jonathan Charles and Wilches-Bernal, Felipe and Hansen, Clifford and Paquette, Joshua and Gravagne, Ian},
abstractNote = {This paper discusses the broad use of rotational kinetic energy stored in wind turbine rotors to supply services to the electrical power grid. The grid services are discussed in terms of zero-net-energy, which do not require a reduction in power output via pitch control (spill), but neither do they preclude doing so. The services discussed include zero-net-energy regulation, transient and small signal stability, and other frequency management services. The delivery of this energy requires a trade-off between the frequency and amplitude of power modulation and is limited, in some cases, by equipment ratings and the unresearched long-term mechanical effects on the turbine. As wind displaces synchronous generation, the grid's inertial storage is being reduced, but the amount of accessible kinetic energy in a wind turbine at rated speed is approximately 6 times greater than that of a generator with only a 0.12% loss in efficiency and 75 times greater at 10% loss. The potential flexibility of the wind's kinetic storage is also high. However, the true cost of providing grid services using wind turbines, which includes a potential increase in operations and maintenance costs, have not been compared to the value of the services themselves.},
doi = {10.2172/1489867},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1489867}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Thu Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}