초록

중국 ODA는 ‘ODA-like’로 분류되며, 수원국 굿 거버넌스 구축에 부정적 영향을 미친다는 우려가 나타나고 있다. 문제는 중국과 수원국 사이의 계약에 투명성이 부족해 전체 영향을 파악하기 어렵다는 점이다. 말레이시아 나집(Najib Razak) 정부가 추진한 동부해안철도(ECRL, East Coast Rail Line) 건설은 이를 파악할 수 있는 중요한 사례이다. 말레이시아에서 61년 만에 수평적 정권교체를 촉발한 1MDB 부패 스캔들과 연관된 ECRL에 ‘ODA-like’가 투입되었기 때문이다. 이 논문은 ‘ODA-like’가 수원국 굿 거버넌스에 부정적 영향을 미친 과정과 의미를 다음 핵심 질문으로 분석하고자 한다. 중국 주도 남남협력은 어떤 차별성을 지니고 있는가? ‘ODA-like’가 수원국 굿 거버넌스 구축에 어떠한 맥락에서 부정적 영향을 초래하는가? 왜 말레이시아와 같은 중간소득 국가가 ‘ODA -like’와 연결된 정치적 부패에 노출될 수밖에 없었는가? 이 연구에서 제기한 문제들은 북남협력의 대안 모델로 평가받는 중국 국제개발협력의 긍정적 및 부정적 측면을 분석하는데 많은 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

키워드

남남협력, 북남협력, ODA-like, 굿 거버넌스, 동부해안철도, 1MDB, 부패

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