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Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents

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Abstract

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioural disorder in children and adolescents, consisting of developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. The majority of children with ADHD will continue to experience significant ADHD symptoms as teens. ADHD in adolescents can result in significant functional impairment and poorer quality of life. Children and adolescents with ADHD are at higher risk of developing other psychiatric illnesses such as mood, conduct and substance abuse disorders. Stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidates) and nonstimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine extended-release (XR) and clonidine XR) have been found to be effective and are approved by the US FDA for the treatment of ADHD in adolescents in the US. Of the agents approved in the US, only guanfacine XR and clonidine XR are not approved in any other countries. There is growing evidence that treatment of ADHD with stimulants reduces the risk of development of other psychiatric co-morbidities, including substance abuse disorders. To date, all FDA-approved stimulants and nonstimulants that have been adequately studied have been demonstrated to be safe and effective in treating ADHD in both children and adolescents. Therefore, clinical decisions used in selecting pharmacotherapy to treat ADHD in children aged 6–12 years can be applied in the adolescent population.

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Acknowledgements

The authors received no funding for the preparation of this manuscript.

Ann Childress, M.D., reports the following conflicts of interest: Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. – consultant, speaker, research support; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation – consultant, speaker, research support; Bristol-Myers Squibb – speaker, research support; Somerset Pharmaceuticals, Inc. – research support; NextWave Pharmaceuticals – research support, consultant; Abbott Laboratories – research support; Lilly USA, LLC – research support; Ortho-McNeill Janssen Scientific Affairs – research support; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC – research support; GlaxoSmithKline – speaker; Sepracor Inc. – research support; Otsuka – research support; Shionogi, Inc. – advisory board, speaker, research support.

Sally Berry, M.D., Ph.D. is employed as the Chief Medical Officer of NextWave Pharmaceuticals. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the position of NextWave Pharmaceuticals.

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  1. Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Inc., 7351 Prairie Falcon Road, Suite 160, Las Vegas, NV, 89128, USA

    Ann C. Childress MD

  2. NextWave Pharmaceuticals, Cupertino, CA, USA

    Sally A. Berry

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Childress, A.C., Berry, S.A. Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents. Drugs 72, 309–325 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2165/11599580-000000000-00000

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