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Aripiprazole Monotherapy in Children and Young Adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders

A Retrospective Study

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Abstract

Background: Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are severe psychiatric disorders characterized by impairment in social interactions, in verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and behaviour, with onset in the first 3 years of life. The appropriate use of pharmacotherapy can improve some aberrant symptoms and behaviours and increase the person’s response to non-pharmacological interventions.

Objective: To describe clinical outcomes, or symptom changes, and adverse effects during naturalistic treatment with aripiprazole monotherapy in children with PDDs and severe behavioural disorders (such as aggression against self and/or others, hostility, hyperactivity, severe impulsiveness).

Method: This retrospective naturalistic study included 34 patients (23 males and 11 females, age range 4.5–15 years, mean age 10.2 ± 3.3 years), admitted during 2006–2007, diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and followed up for 4–12 months (mean 7.0 ± 3.6 months). Outcome measures were three global measures of clinical and functional impairment and improvement from baseline: the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scales; the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS); and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), a specific measure of PDD symptoms.

Results: The mean baseline CGI-S was 5.7 ± 0.8 (markedly ill/severely ill). The mean final dosage of aripiprazole was 8.1 ±4.9 mg/day. At the endpoint, 11 patients (32.4%) were ‘much improved’ or ‘very much improved’ (CGI-I score of 1 or 2), 12 patients (35.3%) were ‘minimally improved’ (CGI-I score of 3) and 10 (29.4%) were ‘unchanged’ or ‘worsened’ (CGI-I score of 4 or 5). C-GAS and CARS scores significantly improved (p <0.0001, effect sizes 0.59 and 0.62, respectively). Nine patients (26.5%) experienced moderate to severe agitation, which was associated with self-injurious behaviours in five of these patients, and five patients presented with sleep disorders. Twelve patients (35.3%) discontinued medication during the follow-up because of lack of efficacy or adverse effects.

Conclusions: In these severely impaired children with PDDs, aripiprazole monotherapy was associated with a significant improvement in maladaptive behaviours in one-third of patients. Agitation and insomnia were the most frequent adverse effects. Further controlled studies in larger samples to explore possible predictors of efficacy are warranted.

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Acknowledgements

No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this study. Dr Masi has acted as a consultant for Eli Lilly and has been paid honoraria for speaking from Eli Lilly, sanofi aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, and Pfizer. Dr Millepiedi has received grants and honoraria for speaking from Eli Lilly. Drs Cosenza, Muratori, Pari and Salvadori have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy

    Gabriele Masi (Dr), Angela Cosenza, Stefania Millepiedi, Filippo Muratori, Cinzia Pari & Francesco Salvadori

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  1. Gabriele Masi
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  2. Angela Cosenza
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  3. Stefania Millepiedi
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  4. Filippo Muratori
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  5. Cinzia Pari
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  6. Francesco Salvadori
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Correspondence to Gabriele Masi.

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Masi, G., Cosenza, A., Millepiedi, S. et al. Aripiprazole Monotherapy in Children and Young Adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. CNS Drugs 23, 511–521 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200923060-00005

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