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Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

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Abstract

  • ▴ Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a humanised monoclonal IgG4 antibody, linked to a cytotoxic calicheamicin derivative. It effects cell necrosis by specifically targeting the CD33 antigen which is expressed on the surface of leukaemic cell blasts in more than 90% of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but is not present on normal stem cells.

  • ▴ Therapy with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (2 doses of 9 mg/m2) in 3 noncomparative studies produced complete remission in 16% of adult patients with AML in first relapse, and complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery in an additional 13% of patients. Rates of remission did not differ between those aged less than 60 years and older than 60 years.

  • ▴ Many patients were able to receive both doses of gemtuzumab ozogamicin therapy as outpatients. Survival duration was similar between those treated as outpatients and those requiring hospitalisation.

  • ▴ About one-third of 11 children and adolescents treated with 2 doses of 9 mg/m2 gemtuzumab ozogamicin in a phase I study showed >5% bone marrow blasts after completion of therapy.

  • ▴ The most commonly encountered adverse events in clinical trials with gemtuzumab ozogamicin were myelosuppression, increased levels of hepatic enzymes, infection, fever, bleeding, chills, nausea and vomiting and dyspnoea. No treatment-related renal failure or alopecia was reported.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adis International Limited, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland 10, New Zealand

    Jane K. McGavin & Caroline M. Spencer

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  1. Jane K. McGavin
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  2. Caroline M. Spencer
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Correspondence to Jane K. McGavin.

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McGavin, J.K., Spencer, C.M. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Drugs 61, 1317–1322 (2001). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200161090-00007

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