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Amoxycillin:A Review of its Antibacterial and Pharmacokinetic Properties and Therapeutic Use

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Summary

Synopsis: Amoxycillin 2 is an acid stable semisynthetic penicillin closely related to ampicillin. Unlike pivampicillin and hetacillin, amoxycillin is not converted to ampicillin in the body. The antibacterial spectrum and level of activity of amoxycillin is essentially the same as for ampicillin, and there is complete cross-resistance between the two drugs. After oral administration, amoxycillin is better absorbed than ampicillin. Mean peak serum levels of amoxycillin are generally twice those of ampicillin after an equal dose.

The better absorption and penetration into certain body tissues and fluids of amoxycillin and its greater activity against experimental infections in mice, suggest that it might be preferred to ampicillin in the treatment of some infections, but any clear superiority over ampicillin in clinical practice has yet to be demonstrated. However, these properties have enabled amoxycillin to be given at half the dose of ampicillin without loss of therapeutic efficacy, and the prinicpal side-effects of skin rashes and diarrhoea have tended to be less frequent with amoxycillin than with ampicillin. Other side-effects are essentially similar in nature to those reported with ampicillin.

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    R. N. Brogden, T. M. Speight & G. S. Avery

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Manuscript reviewed by: C.D. Alergant, Senior Consultant Venerologist, Liverpool Royal Infirmary, Liverpool, England; R. Bailey, Department of Renal Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; W. Brumfitt, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Free Hospital, London, England; M.W. Burns, Garvin Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia; J.M.T. Hamilton-Miller, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Free Hospital, London, England; A. Ingold, School of Pharmacy, University of London, Department of Pharmaceutics, London, England; Priscilla Kincaid-Smith, Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; D.A. Leigh, Consultant Bacteriologist, Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe, Bucks, England; B.M. Limson, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Centre, University of the East, Quezon City, Republic of the Philippines; P.J. Little, Department of Renal Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; F. Miki, Associate Professor of Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan; H.C. Neu, Associate Professor of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, USA; M. Ohkoshi, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; K. Shiota, Professor of Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan; J.A. Raeburn, Department of Human Genetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland; Sheila M. Stewart, Department of Bacteriology, University Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; M. Stillerman, Department of Paediatrics, Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Centre, New Hyde Park, New York, USA; B.C. Stratford, Director of Microbiology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; R.R. Willcox, Consultant Venereologist, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, England.

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Brogden, R.N., Speight, T.M. & Avery, G.S. Amoxycillin:A Review of its Antibacterial and Pharmacokinetic Properties and Therapeutic Use. Drugs 9, 88–140 (1975). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-197509020-00002

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