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Sustained-Release Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Macular Disorders

Present and Future Applications

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Abstract

Macular disease currently poses the greatest threat to vision in aging populations. Historically, most of this pathology could only be dealt with surgically, and then only after much damage to the macula had already occurred. Current pathophysiological insights into macular diseases have allowed the development of effective new pharmacotherapies. The field of drug delivery systems has advanced over the last several years with emphasis placed on controlled release of drug to specific areas of the eye. Its unique location and tendency toward chronic disease make the macula an important and attractive target for drug delivery systems, especially sustained-release systems. This review evaluates the current literature on the research and development of sustained-release posterior segment drug delivery systems that are primarily intended for macular disease with an emphasis on age-related macular degeneration.

Current effective therapies include corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor compounds. Recent successes have been reported using antiangiogenic drugs for therapy of age-related macular degeneration. This review also includes information on implantable devices (biodegradable and nonbiodegradable), the use of injected particles (microspheres and liposomes) and future enhanced drug delivery systems, such as ultrasound drug delivery. The devices reviewed show significant drug release over a period of days or weeks. However, macular disorders are chronic diseases requiring years of treatment. Currently, there is no ‘gold standard’ for therapy and/or drug delivery. Future studies will focus on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of drug delivery to the posterior chamber. If successful, therapeutic modalities will significantly delay loss of vision and improve the quality of life for patients with chronic macular disorders.

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Notes

  1. The use of trade names is for product identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by NEI-EY-006311 (JMH), NIA-AG-23055 (JMH), the Research to Prevent Blindness Senior Scientific Investigator Award (JMH) and LSU Eye Center Core Grant EY02377. The Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans also has an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, New York. The authors have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Blake A. Booth, Saadallah Bouhanik, Jean T. Jacob &  James M. Hill

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Lori Vidal Denham

  3. Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Jean T. Jacob &  James M. Hill

  4. Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    James M. Hill

  5. Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    James M. Hill

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  1. Blake A. Booth
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Correspondence to James M. Hill.

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Booth, B.A., Denham, L.V., Bouhanik, S. et al. Sustained-Release Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Macular Disorders. Drugs Aging 24, 581–602 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200724070-00006

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