Frequency hopping in IEEE 802.15.4 to mitigate IEEE 802.11 interference and fading

doi:10.21629/JSEE.2018.03.01

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 445-455.doi: 10.21629/JSEE.2018.03.01

• Electronics Technology • Next Articles

Frequency hopping in IEEE 802.15.4 to mitigate IEEE 802.11 interference and fading

Umer JAVED¹(), Di HE^1,*(), Peilin LIU¹(), Yueming YANG²()

¹ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location-based Services, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
² Shanghai Panchip Microelectronics Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201210, China

Received:2016-12-12 Online:2018-06-01 Published:2018-07-02
Contact: Di HE E-mail:umerjaved@sjtu.edu.cn;dihe@sjtu.edu.cn;liupeilin@sjtu.edu.cn;yangyueming@panchip.com
About author:JAVED Umer received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering from University of Engineering & Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan, in 2006, and M.S. degree in communications engineering from Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, in 2009. He is currently studying for his Ph.D. degree at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. E-mail: umerjaved@sjtu.edu.cn|HE Di received his Ph.D. degree from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2002. From 2002 to 2004, he was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada. From 2004 to present, he has been an associate professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His research interests include wireless positioning, wireless communications and wireless signal processing. E-mail: dihe@sjtu.edu.cn|LIU Peilin received her Ph.D. degree majoring in electronic engineering from the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 1998. From 1999 to 2003, she was a senior researcher at the Central Research Institute of Fujitsu, Tokyo. She is currently a professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, an executive director in Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location-based Service, and is responsible for a series of important projects, such as Beidou system, system-on-chip platform development, low-power and high-performance communication digital signal processing. Her research interests include signal processing, low-power computing architecture, and application-oriented SoC design and verification. E-mail: liupeilin@sjtu.edu.cn|YANG Yueming received his M.E. degree from Fudan University in 2012. From 2013 to present, he has been a chip design manager at Shanghai Panchip Microelectronics Co., Ltd. His research interests include wireless communication, high performance and low power SoC design and implementation. E-mail: yangyueming@panchip.com
Supported by:
the Important National Science and Technology Specific Project of China(2018ZX03001020-005);the Important National Science and Technology Specific Project of China(2016ZX03001022-006);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61771308);the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(16DZ1100402);the Special Project of Military and Civilian Integration of Shanghai Economic and Information Committee with the name "Ultra High Sensitivity UAV Communication System Based on Radar Related Technology";This work was supported by the Important National Science and Technology Specific Project of China (2018ZX03001020-005; 2016ZX03001022-006), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771308), the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (16DZ1100402), and the Special Project of Military and Civilian Integration of Shanghai Economic and Information Committee with the name "Ultra High Sensitivity UAV Communication System Based on Radar Related Technology"

Abstract

Abstract:

In this paper, we investigate the issues of initialization and deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) under IEEE 802.11b/g interference and fading channels using frequency hopping (FH). We propose an FH algorithm for WSNs, which is implemented and tested with a pair of nodes employing IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) standard. The merits and demerits of the proposed FH scheme in WSNs are studied under strong IEEE 802.11b/g interference and frequency selective fading channels. We compare the performance results of the proposed FH scheme with those obtained by single-channel radio in WSNs, and show that FH maintains very reliable data rates in the presence of adverse conditions where the single-channel radio fails. We determine a minimum center frequency offset of channels between IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11b/g-based networks, which guarantees the error free network operation of IEEE 802.15.4 using a single channel. We design a second FH procedure comprising only four free channels (15, 20, 25, and 26) of IEEE 802.15.4 standard, and show that in the presence of nearby IEEE 802.11b/g interference, the IEEE 802.15.4 data rate using this method is always 98% and more.

Key words: IEEE 802.15.4, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), frequency hopping (FH), interference avoidance, coexistence

Umer JAVED, Di HE, Peilin LIU, Yueming YANG. Frequency hopping in IEEE 802.15.4 to mitigate IEEE 802.11 interference and fading[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 29(3): 445-455.

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Parameter	Value
IEEE 802.15.4 packet size/bytes	128
IEEE 802.15.4 output power/dBm	0
IEEE 802.15.4 clear channel assessment (CCA) mode	2
IEEE 802.15.4 packet inter-transmission time/ms	10
IEEE 802.11g packet rate/(packets/s)	1~000
IEEE 802.11g packet size/bytes	1~472
IEEE 802.11g output power/dBm	16.5

Channel activity of IEEE 802.11b/%	78
Distance of IEEE 802.15.4 receiver from IEEE 802.11b interferer/m	1
Channel of IEEE 802.11b	1
Channel of IEEE 802.15.4	12
Carrier frequency offset between IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.15.4 signals/MHz	2
Distance between two IEEE 802.15.4 devices = 1 m	Distance between two IEEE 802.15.4 devices = 10 m
PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 50±1	PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 10±1

Channel activity of IEEE 802.11b/%		78
Distance of IEEE 802.15.4 receiver from IEEE 802.11b interferer/m		1
Distance between two IEEE 802.15.4 devices/m		1
Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 1	Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 6	Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 11
PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 88±2.00	PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 94±0.55	PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 96±0.18

Channel activity of IEEE 802.11b/%		78
Distance of IEEE 802.15.4 receiver from IEEE 802.11b interferer/m		1
Distance between two IEEE 802.15.4 devices/m		10
Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 1	Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 6	Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 11
PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 80±0.91	PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 87±1.00	PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 80±0.55

Channel activity of IEEE 802.11b/%		78
Distance of IEEE 802.15.4 receiver from IEEE 802.11b interferer/m		1
Distance between two IEEE 802.15.4 devices/m		1
Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 1	Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 6	Channel of IEEE 802.11b = 11
PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 98±0.56	PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 98±1.46	PDR (%) of IEEE 802.15.4 = 99±1

Frequency hopping in IEEE 802.15.4 to mitigate IEEE 802.11 interference and fading

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Model	R.M.S. delay spread/ns	Fading	Environment
A	50	Rayleigh	Office no line of sight (NLOS)
B	100	Rayleigh	Open space/office NLOS
C	150	Rayleigh	Large open space NLOS
D	140	Rician	Large open space line of sight (LOS)

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Channel model	IEEE 802.15.4 PDR/%
A	85±1
B	77±2
C	70±2
D	80±2

Channel model	IEEE 802.15.4 PDR/%
A	95±0.78
B	90±2
C	85±2
D	90±1