Evaluation of the connection among Dietary intake and lipid profile parameters in obese children

besity, characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat, presents a critical public health challenge due to its association with numerous serious illnesses. This study aimed to assess how dietary habits correlate with lipid profiles in obese children. A total of 100 children aged 4-12, from the National Nutritional Institute's obesity clinic in Cairo, participated, with 70 classified as obese and 30 as controls. Body mass index and dietary patterns, along with serum lipid profiles, were key parameters analyzed. The findings indicated significant differences between the groups in calorie intake, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and fiber (P<0.05). Additionally, mineral and vitamin intake was notably higher in the obese group, except for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin A, while vitamin C intake was lower compared to controls. In comparison to controls, obese children had a notable decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of 14.2% and a striking increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.05). The study underscores the importance of early nutritional and metabolic assessment in combating childhood obesity and its associated health risks, aiming to mitigate long-term complications and foster healthier futures for children.


Exclusive subject
The study excluded children who suffered from diabetes mellites, a chronic condition associated with obesity (e.g.Prader-Willi syndrome), and also, who were on chronic medications known to cause weight gain (e.g.corticosteroids).

Evaluations of the body's mass index (BMI):
A calculation of the BMI had been taken.Assessments of height (m) and Body weight /kg (BW/kg) were taken when the subjects were fasting, dressed comfortably, barefoot, and had their bladders empty.BMI is calculated as follows: [BMI = weight (kg) / height 2 (meter)].

Statistical analysis:
According to Colman and Pulford (2011), the data were scientifically described using the mean along with the standard deviation (SD).T-tests were used at (p<0.05) by mathematical modeling using SPSS, PC statistical software (version 16 SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).

Ethical approval
The study received ethical approval from the research ethics committee of the General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes.Before commencing the study, written consent was obtained from the parents agreeing to participate.The approval number IN000134 has been registered accordingly.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data presented in Calories, protein, fat, carbs, and fiber were found to differ greatly between the two groups (p < 0.007, 0.001, 0.01, 0.00, and 0.02), in that order.Also, clarified that the dietary intake of the obese group in all macronutrients was higher than normal group.These results are in harmony with those reported by Romieu and another (2017) who observed that increased energy intake is the primary factor contributing to excessive weight and obesity.
Major Consequently, the association between AI and the risk of CVD is most likely explained by its relationship to the lipoprotein particle size (Dobiasova, 2006).AI is inversely correlated with the diameter of LDL-C particles and serves as a stand-in for minute, dense LDL particles.Consequently, an increase in AI denotes a rise in the portion of particles that are more likely to oxidize, which leads to the formation of foamy cells.On the other hand, this propensity causes a rise in the combination of oxidized apoprotein B and LDL-C, which is highly atherogenic (Cure et al., 2013).

CONCLUSION:
The complex association between dietary intake patterns and lipid profile characteristics in obese children is clarified by this study, in conclusion.The results indicate substantial differences in the nutritional intake of obese and non-obese children, with the former consuming more specific minerals and vitamins and the latter consuming less vitamin C. Crucially, as compared to controls, obese children had unfavorable lipid profiles with higher levels of LDL-C, TG, and TC and lower levels of HDL-C.The need for early nutritional and metabolic assessments in the treatment of childhood obesity is highlighted by these findings.Early identification and management of nutritional determinants impacting lipid profiles allows for the customization of therapies aimed at reducing obesity's long-term health consequences and improving children's health.

RECOMMENDATION:
Based on the findings of this study, several recommendations can be made to address the implications of dietary habits on lipid profiles in obese children: 1.

Nutritional
Counseling: Implement structured nutritional counseling programs aimed at educating both children and their families about healthy dietary practices.Emphasize balanced intake of calories, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals.

Promotion of Balanced
Diets: Encourage the adoption of balanced diets rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, while minimizing intake of processed foods high in saturated fats, sugars, and empty calories.

Monitoring and Follow-up:
Establish regular monitoring

A Abd Elwahab; El-Sayed H Eltamany; Awatif M. Abdel-maksoud; Hanaa H. El-Sayed; Sally M Fouad Bulletin
of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt June 2024(63) 131 PREFACE

Evaluation of the connection among Dietary intake and lipid profile parameters in obese children Shaimaa A Abd Elwahab; El-Sayed H Eltamany; Awatif M. Abdel-maksoud; Hanaa H. El-Sayed; Sally M Fouad
Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt June 2024(63) 132

Evaluation of the connection among Dietary intake and lipid profile parameters in obese children Shaimaa A Abd Elwahab; El-Sayed H Eltamany; Awatif M. Abdel-maksoud; Hanaa H. El-Sayed; Sally M Fouad
Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt June 2024(63) 137 Serra-