Dietary patterns among Sample of Metabolic Syndrome Adults in Egypt

he Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is composed of cardiovascular and metabolic hazard agents who highly prevalent in adult populations and have a significant financial impact on public health systems globally. Understanding the correlation between eating habits and Metabolic Syndrome is crucial for effective prevention and management. The purpose of the current research was to examine the correlation among nutritional patterns among a sample of Egyptian adults suffering from risk factors for metabolic syndrome (at least 3 risk factors). One hundred adults were included in a cross-sectional study aged from twenty to sixty years attending the National Nutrition Institute (NNI) outpatient clinics. The study involved standardized anthropometric assessments, dietary evaluations, and laboratory assessments. About 73% of the sample was females at 42.9 ± 9.4 years old on average . The majority (85%) of the sample had a secondary school or university degree, and 63% had sufficient income. Nearly 86% of the samples were physically inactive . Most of the studied sample was morbidly obese with a mean BMI of (42.4 ± 11.2), high fasting blood sugar (FBG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Triglycerides (TG). In conclusion, the findings reveal that specific dietary habits are linked to an increased risk of Mets development.


INTRODUCTION
The (MetS) is a group of cardiac and metabolic hazard agents which highly prevalent in adult populations and have a significant financial impact on public health systems globally.Although the definition and diagnosis criteria of the syndrome are not widely agreed upon, it is defined by the co-occurrence of hazard agents that are unquestionably correlated with an elevated risk of chronic illnesses like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), such include hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and central obesity, a pro-thrombotic and an inflammatory, impaired insulin sensitivity, and high blood sugar levels.Although it has been strongly suggested that imbalanced eating habits and sedentary lifestyles may have contributed to the syndrome's origin, this is unknown.(Bovolini et al., 2021).
Depending on the criterion used, the MetS was present in 12.5% to 31.4% of people globally.

Aim of the study
The research aimed to investigate dietary patterns among a sample of the Egyptian population suffering from risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

METHODOLOGY
• This cross-sectional research was carried out on one hundred adults with dysmetabolic syndrome risk factors, ages 20 to 60.

Subjects exposed to:
1-Anthropometric assessment: (height, hip, weight, BMI, and waist measurements).Quetelet Index was calculated is calculated by taking a person's weight, in kilograms, divided by their height, in meters squared (Jelliffe, 1966

The criteria for exclusion:
• Gravid or nursing mothers H and W: ht ratios.BP data shows that DBP was higher than SBP (88.2 ± 9.9 mm Hg).
Table (2) shows that the studied sample had a high FBG of 110 ± 47 (mg/dl) with a high TG of 179 ± 67(mg/dl).

Dietary patterns among Sample of Metabolic Syndrome Adults in Egypt Mohammed H Haggag; El-Sayed M Hammad; Eman A Sultan; Hanaa A El-Wahab and
Akram H Salem Table (3) illustrates that the consumption of fructose by the examined group was 161.34 ±28.1 grams/week.Figure (9,10) shows that (100%) of the study sample preferred the Mesabk method for vegetables and fried meat.

DISCUSSION
Table (1) shows that the studied sample was morbidly obese with BMI (42.4 ± 11.2 kg/m 2 ) with central obesity (waist was 116.1 ± 11.9 cm) and high W: H and W: ht ratios.BP data shows that DBP was higher than SBP (88.2 ± 9.9 mm Hg).
As regards to frequency of fructose consumption of the studied sample was 161.34 ± 28.1 grams/week (table 2).The finding of Taskinen, (2019) demonstrated that fructose has been consumed at a significantly higher rate over the past 40 years and makes up a significant amount of the modern diet, especially in adults.There are correlation between metabolic syndrome criteria and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and fructose intake Additionally, SSBs consumption and hypertension were found to be positively correlated in a study carried out by Zahao et al By analyzing the 24-hour recall of the studied sample and referral to their RDA study noticed most of the sample (91 %) took less than 50 % from RDA from fibers, which are (14 g / 1000 Kcal) (Fig. 11).This may be lead to rising the presents of metabolic syndrome risk factors among them based on data from numerous cohort studies , both healthy and affected by metabolic illnesses, it was found that consuming more dietary fiber can improve metabolic health via changing the gut microbiome.

(Cronin et al., 2021).
As regards to micronutrient intake of the studied group, results showed an imbalance between sodium and potassium intake with a mean of (3153.8 ± 1418.7) and (2418.7 ± 1052.1) mg respectively as well as low calcium and magnesium with a mean of (581.9 ± 269.6(and (138.9 ± 62.6)

CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, this cross-sectional study suggests that consumption of fructose, low consumption of fiber, the imbalance between sodium and potassium consumption, as well as low calcium and magnesium consumption and fried foods consumption may be related to the prevalence of the syndrome X and its criteria.among a sample of adults experiencing syndrome X.

Fig
Fig. (1): Distribution of the studied sample according to their sex.

Fig
Fig. (2): Distribution of the Studied sample According to their Educational level

Fig
Fig. (11): Distribution of the Studied sample According to Their Dietary Intake from Fibers According to RDA

patterns among Sample of Metabolic Syndrome Adults in Egypt Mohammed H Haggag; El-Sayed M Hammad; Eman A Sultan; Hanaa A El-Wahab and Akram H Salem Bulletin
of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt June 2024(63) 37

Dietary patterns among Sample of Metabolic Syndrome Adults in Egypt Mohammed H Haggag; El-Sayed M Hammad; Eman A Sultan; Hanaa A El-Wahab and Akram H Salem
Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt June 2024(63) 38

1966): Dietary patterns among Sample of Metabolic Syndrome Adults in Egypt Mohammed H Haggag; El-Sayed M Hammad; Eman A Sultan; Hanaa A El-Wahab and Akram H Salem
Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt June 2024(63) 40

patterns among Sample of Metabolic Syndrome Adults in Egypt Mohammed H Haggag; El-Sayed M Hammad; Eman A Sultan; Hanaa A El-Wahab and Akram H Salem
Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt June 2024(63) 43