2012 Volume 90 Issue 5 Pages 791-806
This study uses a cloud-resolving model to examine the impact of sedimentation of cloud ice on the cloud-top height and the precipitation intensity of typical precipitation systems in East Asia, including a typhoon, snow clouds over the Sea of Japan, and the Baiu front. The fall velocity of cloud ice is assumed to be 0.1 m s-1. When the sedimentation process of cloud ice is included in the model, the horizontal distribution and frequency of the cloud-top height show significantly better agreement with satellite observations. Furthermore, cloud ice with sedimentation concentrates at a lower level than that without sedimentation, and converts to snow and graupel by microphysical growth processes. More solid water substances located in the thin layer above the 0°C level contribute to intensification of precipitation at the surface by several percent, especially in the convective area.