COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MAINTENANCE PRACTICE ON PROCESS PLANTS IN CEMENT, PAPERAND BREWERY INDUSTRIES IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES INDUSTRIAL AXES OF NIGERIA.

The aim of this study is to present a comparative analysis of the maintenance practice in process plants in cement, paper and brewery industries from the perception of practising estate surveyors and valuers in Lagos and Ogun States industrial axes of Nigeria because of their currency in economic activities and significant contributions towards the notable success of the manufacturing industry in this country. The objectives to achieve this shall be as underlisted to: identify the factors affecting the useful life of process plants in brewery, cement and paper industries; obtain and rank the views of practising estate surveyors and valuers on the factors affecting the useful life of process plants in these

The aim of this study is to present a comparative analysis of the maintenance practice in process plants in cement, paper and brewery industries from the perception of practising estate surveyors and valuers in Lagos and Ogun States industrial axes of Nigeria because of their currency in economic activities and significant contributions towards the notable success of the manufacturing industry in this country. The objectives to achieve this shall be as underlisted to: identify the factors affecting the useful life of process plants in brewery, cement and paper industries; obtain and rank the views of practising estate surveyors and valuers on the factors affecting the useful life of process plants in these three industries in Lagos and Ogun States; obtain and rank the views of these practitioners on the periods for implementing maintenance schedules in these industries; obtain and rank the views of practising estate surveyors and valuers on the periods for retaining maintenance Engineers in the industries under analysis, establish which of the brewery, cement and paper industries mostly keep maintenance history of their plants and present a statement of the findings to practising estate surveyors and valuers in Lagos and Ogun States Nigeria. Questionnaire was the main instrument for soliciting data supported by scanty literature that were very difficult to find. A census of 337 practising estate surveying firms in the two states were administered with questionnaires and 172 returned representing 51% success rate which was considered fairly okay for this purpose. Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 was used to analyse these responses. It was found out that; frequency of usage of plant was ranked most significant (first) in cement and paper industries and was ranked second in brewery with Mean Item Score (MIS) of 4.38, 3.92 and 4.07 respectively. It was also found out that monthly maintenance schedule was mostly adopted in similar industries. The authors recommend among others that monthly maintenance of plants should be practised in these three industries since it was mostly suited for them from the perspective of practising estate surveyors and valuers.
The purpose of this research is to analyse the maintenance practice in process plants in cement, paper and brewery industries in Lagos and Ogun States industrial axes of Nigeria from the perception of practising Estate Surveyors and Valuers, because of the importance of maintenance in the sustainability of plants especially in the third world countries where all the plants are imported from developed countries. The objectives set out to achieve this aim were to: identify the factors affecting the useful life of process plants; obtain and rank the views of practising Estate Surveyors and Valuers on the most significant factors influencing the useful life of process plants in these industries in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, obtain and rank the views of practising Estate Surveyors and Valuers on the periods for implementing maintenance schedules in these industries under research; obtain and rank the views of practicing Estate Surveyors and Valuers on the periods of retainership of maintenance Engineers in the industries being compared; establish which of cement, paper and brewery industries mostly keep maintenance history of their plants and present a statement of importance of the findings to practising Estate Surveyors and Valuers and Engineers in Lagos and Ogun States of Nigeria.
The significance of this research is to stimulate further works in this area of industrial maintenance practice research among scholars as well as increase the momentum of investigations which is currently suffering from dearth of information due to insignificant research efforts. Miet and Odoom (2016) are of the opinion that the main purposes of maintenance practice are minimizing cost and maximizing through put and plant efficiency. Mwanza and Mbohwa (2015) have found out that most organizations are using proper maintenance of operation facilities and plants to achieve worldclass service delivery.

Review Of Literature:-
Miet and Odoom (2016) researching on development of an effective industrial maintenance practice for plant optimum performance defined maintenance as the act of restoring plant into its functioning state or operational mode. Maintenance practice is concerned with organizational and managerial tasks connected with establishing objectives, strategies and realizing maintenance activities through action plans to monitor and control maintenance programmes. There is no imperial study in literature in this important endeavour of maintenance practice in process plants despite the fact that almost one hundred percent of plant and machinery are not made in African or to say the least, in Nigeria.
These two authors above further found out that effective maintenance record keeping is very important and all forms of report should be organized to provide ready accessibility to data when needed and to flag down problem areas.   Table 1 above shows ranking of factors affecting useful life of plant and machinery. For cement industry, frequency of use was ranked as first with mean of 4.38. Age of machinery when acquired, frequency of repairs/part replacement, technological improvements and climate of location of use were ranked second, third, fourth and fifth with mean of 4.10, 3.79, 3.56 and 3.49 respectively. Prohibitory laws, progress in arts, reasonably foreseeable economic changes, shifting of business centres and others were ranked sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth with mean of 3.49, 3.48, 3.47, 3.40, and 3.09 respectively.
For paper industry, frequency of use, age of machinery when acquired, frequency of repairs/change of parts, technological improvement and climate at the location of use were ranked first, second, third, fourth and fifth with mean of 3.92, 3.88, 3.83, 3.49 and 3.28 respectively. Progress in arts, reasonable foreseeable economic changes, prohibitory laws, shifting of business centres and others were ranked sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth with mean of 3.24, 3.22, 3.10, 3.09 and 2.77 respectively.
For brewery industry, technological improvement, frequency of use, age of machinery when acquired, frequency of repairs/renewal of parts and climate at place of use were ranked first, second, third, fourth and fifth with mean of 4.52, 4.07, 3.90, 3.71 and 3.22 respectively. Progress of arts, prohibitory laws, reasonable foreseeable economic changes, shifting of business centres and others were ranked sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth with mean of 3.18, 3.17, 3.09, 3.01 and 2.41 respectively.  Table 2 shows ANOVA to determine whether there is statistically significant difference between our group means.
Table shows that f(cal) 0.750 is greater f(tab) 0.021 at 0.05 level. Significant level of 0.482 (i.e. p = 0.021) is more than the adopted 0.05. There is therefore, no statistically significant variation in the factors affecting useful life of plant and machinery in cement, paper and brewery industries.
897  Table 3 above shows multiple comparisons as groups differed from each other. From the table, there is statistically insignificant difference in cement to paper and cement to brewery on useful life of plant and machinery (as p = 0.523, 0.650). There is also no statistically significant difference in paper to cement and paper to brewery on useful life of plant and machinery (as p = 0.523, 0.976). Furthermore, there is no statistically significant difference in brewery to cement and brewery to paper on useful life of plant and machinery (as p = 0.650, 0.976). There is therefore no statistically significant difference in the factors affecting useful life of plant and machinery in cement, paper and brewery industries.   Table 5 above shows the frequency distribution of respondents to types of maintenance engineers retained in various industries. On cement industry and on external service engineer, 32.4%, 36.4% and 21.7% agree on weekly, monthly and half-yearly retained maintenance engineers respectively, while 8.3% and 1.2% agree on yearly and other retained maintenance engineers, respectively. On in-house service engineers, 30%, 39.5% and 15.8% agree on weekly, monthly and half-yearly service engineers, respectively, while 13% and 1.2% agree on yearly and other service engineers, respectively. On manufacturer's service engineers, 21.3%, 29.2% and 28.9% agree on weekly, monthly and half-yearly service engineers respectively, while 18.2% and 2.4% agree on yearly and other service engineers, respectively. On the three types of maintenance engineers, 16.2%, 34.8%, 29.6% and 19.4% agree on weekly, monthly, half-yearly and yearly service engineers, respectively. On other maintenance service engineers in cement industry, 14% agree on weekly, 8% agree on monthly, 20% agree on half-yearly, 8% on yearly and 30% on others. On outside service constructions, 17.5%, 36.7%, 19.9%, 19.9% and 6% agree on weekly, monthly, halfyearly, yearly and other maintenance engineers in cement industry. On other maintenance service engineers in cement industry, 14%, 8%, 40%, 8% and 30% agree on weekly, monthly, half-yearly, yearly and others schedule respectively for maintenance engineers in cement industry.

Discussions from Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions
Discussions:-Comparing analysis of three industries, namely, brewery, cement and paper, was made for Ogun and Lagos States for purposes of maintenance practice in these industries. As indicated, factors affecting useful life of plant and machinery in these industries, frequency of usage was ranked first in cement and paper industries and second in brewery industry, with mean ranks of 4.38, 3.92 and 4.07 respectively. Shifting of business centres and others were ranked least with number 10 in maintenance practice in process plants in brewery, cement and paper industries in Ogun and Lagos States.
On maintenance schedules in these three industries, most agree that monthly schedule is the best in the brewery, cement and paper industries for all types of maintenance, apart from others.
Also, most agree that retainership for all types of service engineers should be on monthly basis for maintenance in brewery, cement and paper industries.

Recommendations:-
Surveyors and property managers should be aware of the rankings 1 -10 as they affect maintenance practice in brewery, cement and paper industries in Ogun and Lagos States They should also note that it is best to do monthly maintenance on these process machines. Retainership of service engineers should also be on monthly basis. Adequate records for service and maintenance should also be kept in their maintenance register.

Conclusion:-
While the study has succeeded in analysing maintenance practice in brewery, cement and paper industries in Ogun and Lagos States of Nigeria, it has also comparatively analysed these three industries also in these two states of Nigeria. This is a pioneer study which not only contributed to knowledge on maintenance of process plants in brewery, cement and paper industries but has also presented an opportunity for further study that will be of help to estate surveyors and property managers in their valuation and management briefs.