FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS - A NEW ERA IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

FDTs have advantages because they are easy to manufacture, have the right dosage, good chemical and physical strength, and are an ideal alternative for children and adult patients. FDTs have a faster rate of degradation, faster absorption, so that in vitro drug release time increases and this property of the drug (dosage form) increases bioavailability. FDT formulations have specific advantages in both conventional tablet and liquid dosage forms. There are many technologies for spray drying, cotton candy process, sublimation, melt granulation, direct freeze pressing / lyophilization, phase transition process, mass extrusion, etc. This overview provides brief information on FDT, including the definition, benefits, needs or requirements of FDT, key characteristics FDT, limitations, various challenges in the development of FDT, marketed tablet formulations that cause rapid digestion and so on.

The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) defines a rapidly Disintegrating tablet (FDT) as "a solid dosage form containing a drug or active ingredient that dissolves easily within an hour to seconds when placed on the tongue" [3] . Rapid digestion in drug delivery systems was first developed in the late 1970's as an alternative to conventional dosage forms for pediatric and geriatric patients. These tablets dissolve or dissolve in saliva usually in less than 60 seconds [5]. To meet these medical needs, pharmaceutical engineers have developed a new form of oral dosing, known as oral disintegrating (dispersible) tablets (ODTs) or rapidly disintegrating (Disintegrating) tablets (FDTs) or oral melts. MDT), fast-release tablets that dissolve quickly in saliva, usually within seconds, without the need to drink water.  [25] . [3] Suitability of fast Disintegrating tablets is for those patients (particularly pediatric and geriatric patients) who having the difficulties to swallow traditional tablets and capsules with an 8-oz glass of water. These include the following: 1. Patients who can'tswallow or chewing solid dosage forms. 2. Patients in compliance due to fear of choking. 3. Elder patients who are facing the problem of depression who may not be able to swallow the solid dosage forms 4. An eight-year-old patient with allergies desires a more convenient dosage form than antihistamine syrup. 5. A middle-aged patient undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer may be too nauseous to swallow her H2blocker. 96 6. A schizophrenic patient who may use to try to hide a conventional tablet under his or her tongue to avoid their daily dose of an atypical antipsychotic. 7. A patient with persistent nausea, who may be a journey, or has little or no access to water.

Requirements of fast Disintegrating tablets Patient factors
Effectiveness factor [5] The increased rate of bioavailability and rapid onset of action are the main advantages of these products. The spread of saliva in the oral cavity causes pregastric absorption of certain ions of the formula in cases where the drug is readily soluble. The buccal, pharyngeal, and gastric areas are all areas of many drug intake. Pre-gastric absorption prevents the initial passage of metabolism and can be a great advantage for drugs undergoing hepatic metabolism. In addition, safety profiles can be improved for drugs that produce multiple toxic metabolites mediated by first-pass hepatic metabolism and gastric metabolism, and for drugs with oral absorption of multiple ion fractions.
Manufacturing and marketing factors. [11] As a drug is nearing the end of its patent life, it is easy for pharmaceutical manufacturers to manufacture a particular drug in question in a newly developed dosage form. The newly developed dosage form allows manufacturers to expand market exclusivity, unique product diversity and expand patent protection. For example, Eisai Inc. Aricept FDT, a donepezil extension line for Alzheimer's disease, was launched in Japan in 2004 and the United States. In 2005, Ranbaxy issued a generic call in the United States in response to the drug.
Advantages of fast Disintegrating tablets . [6,7] 1. We can swallow the tablet without water. 2. FDTs are easily accessible to children, the elderly and patients with mental disabilities. 3. Appropriate dosing compared to fluids. 4. The drug is easily digestible and absorbable, offering a rapid onset of action. 5. The bioavailability of medicines increases as other medicines are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx and esophagus by saliva passing through the stomach. 6. This is an advantage of liquid medicines in terms of administration or transport. 7. Initial metabolism is reduced, offering better bioavailability and thus reducing dose and side effects. 8. offer better security. 9. Suitable for continuous / controlled release activities. 10. High doses of drugs are allowed.  [6] Limitations of FDTs [4,5] 1. The main disadvantages of FDT are related to the mechanical strength of the tablets. 2. FDT has very porous and softly shaped metrics or compressed into low compression tablets. This makes the tablets fresher and more fragile, which is difficult to hold. 3. It is difficult for my taste buds to prepare FDT; special care should be taken before developing such a drug. 4. Many hygroscopic FDTs may not maintain physical integrity under normal humidity conditions requiring special packaging. 97 5. Candidates with dry saliva production may be poor candidates for these tablet formulations. 6. General bioavailability is the rate of saliva absorption. 7. Stability of the drug and dosage form. 8. Easy to administer to patients who cannot swallow, such as the elderly, stroke victims, patients at risk, renal failure patients and patients who refuse to swallow, such as pediatric patients, geriatric and psychiatric patients. 9. No water is required to swallow the dosage form, which is a more convenient feature for patients who travel and do not have easy access to water. 10. Rapid digestion and absorption of the drug, which results in a rapid onset of action. 11. Some medicines are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx and esophagus as saliva passes through the stomach. In such cases, the bioavailability of the drug is increased. 12. Pre-gastric absorption may increase bioavailability and may result in dose reduction; 13. If side effects are reduced, it may be due to improved clinical performance. 14. Feeling good in the mouth feels that this property helps to change the perception of the drug as a bitter pill, especially in pediatric patients. 15. The risk of contamination or contamination during oral administration of a conventional product due to physical obstruction is avoided, thus increasing safety. 16. Have business opportunities such as product differentiation, product promotion, patent renewal and lifecycle management. 17. Useful in cases such as motion sickness, sudden periods of allergic attack or cough, where ultra-rape action is required. 18. Due to the increased bioavailability, especially in the case of insoluble and hydrophobic drugs, due to the rapid degradation and degradation of these tablets. Stability over time because the drug remains in a solid dosage form until consumed. Thus, it combines the advantages of a solid dosage form with strength and a liquid form with dose bioavailability. 19. Easily adaptable and adaptable to existing processing and packaging machines. 20. Allow a high dose of the drug, cost effective.

Challenges to develop FDTs [3, 10] Palatability
Most drugs are not tasty, FDTs often contain the active ingredient in a form that lurks in the taste. After administration, the FDTs break down or dissolve in the patient's oral cavity and release the active ingredients that come into contact with the taste buds. rather, concealing the taste of the medication could be critical to patient compliance [3,11] .

Mechanical strength and disintegration time
To break the FDT in the oral cavity, porous and soft matrices can be compressed or compressed into tablets with very low compression force, which can make the tablet brittle and / or brittle, difficult to hold. and often require specialized peelable blister packs, which can increase costs. There are only 2 technologies, such as wow tab and durasolv, that can harden the tablets sufficiently and pack them in multi-dose bottles.

Hygroscopicity
Many oral disintegrant dosage forms are hygroscopic and cannot maintain physical integrity under normal conditions of temperature and humidity [3,11] Therefore, they require protection against moisture requiring special product packaging [3] .

Amount of drug
The use of technologies used for FDT is limited by the amount of drug that can be included in each unit dose. In lyophilized dosage forms, the drug dose should be less than 400 mg for insoluble drugs and 60 mg for soluble drugs. This parameter is especially challenging when rapidly melting oral films or platelets. [3] Aqueous solubility Water-soluble drugs present several problems in formation because they form eutectic mixtures, which result in a lowering of the freezing point and the formation of a glassy solid, which may collapse during drying due to lack of support. collapse is sometimes prevented by the use of various matrix-forming excipients, such as mannitol, which arouse crystallinity and thus impart stiffness to the amorphous compound [3] .

Size of tablet
The speed of tablet administration depends on its size. It is stated that the simple size of the tablet to swallow is 7-8 mm, while the simple size for holding is even larger than 8 mm. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve a tablet size that is easy to use and easy to administer [3,5] .

Mouth feel
FDT cannot be broken down into large particles in the oral cavity. The Diffn particles generated after FDT decay should be as small as possible. The addition of various flavors and refrigerants, such as menthol, can improve the mouthfeel [5] .

Sensitivity to environmental conditions
FDTs should be less sensitive to environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature, as most materials used in FDTs should be soluble in a minimum amount of water [5] .  [5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Among the further excipient like one super disintegrant, a diluent, a lubricant and optionally a swelling agent, a permeabilizing agent, sweeteners and flavouring agents FDTs should contain at least one. Antistatic agent 0-10 % 4

Excipients used in FDT preparation
Diluents 0-85 % The need for faster decomposition increases during the day. The pharmacist must therefore formulate disintegrants, i.e. super disintegrants, which are effective at low concentrations and have greater disintegration efficiency and are more effective intragranular. The action of these super disintegrants occurs by inflammation and the inflammatory pressure exerted in the outer or radial direction causes the tablet to explode or the water to be rapidly absorbed, leading to a large increase in the number to improve grain disintegration.

Factors which are used to considered for selection of super disintegrants [5, 16, 23] Disintegration
The disintegrant should be easily incorporated into the saliva of the tablet to create the volume expansion and hydrostatic pressure required for rapid disintegration in the mouth.

Compatibility
It is desirable to have an FDT with acceptable stiffness and less friability at a given compression force for the production of solid tablets, which eliminates the need for special packaging while increasing production speed.

Mouthfeel
Large particles can cause a hard mouthfeel. Therefore, small particles are preferable. However, when the tablet comes in contact with water, it forms a gel-like consistency, creating a gummy texture that many consumers do not like. 99

Flow
In a typical tablet formulation, the superintegrants used should comprise at least 2-5% by weight. tablet formulation. The level of disintegrant may be higher with FDT formation [16] . Bulking materials [7,23] Bulk materials are important to support the rapid melting of tablets. They contribute to the functions of the diluent, filler and cost reduction. Bulking agents help to improve the texture of the tablets, thereby improving disintegration in the mouth, in addition to increasing the volume and reducing the concentration of the active ingredient in the formulation. The bulking agents used for this dosage form should be more sugar-based, such as mannitol, polydextrose, lactose derivatives, such as direct compressible lactose (DCL), and starch hydrolyzate for higher water solubility and better sensory perception. Mannitol in particular has a high solubility in water and good sensitivity because it provides a cooling effect due to the negative heat of the solution. Bulking agents are added in the order of 10% to about 90% by weight in their final composition. The descending order of fragility of the excipients was classified as microcrystalline cellulose> alpha lactose monohydrate> spray dried lactose> anhydrous beta lactose> anhydrous alpha lactose >> calcium phosphate dihydrate. Frequently used sugar-based excipients are mainly bulking agents (such as dextrose, fructose, lactitol, maltitol, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol, starch hydrolyzate, polydextrose and xylitol), which show high water solubility and sweetness. property and provides comfort. feeling in the mouth.
Sugar based excipients can be of types on the basis of moulding and dissolution rate: 1. Type 1 saccharides: (lactose and mannitol) which exhibits low moldability but high dissolution rate. 2. Type 2 saccharides: (maltose and maltitol) which exhibit high moldability but low dissolution rate.
Emulsifying agents [5,23] Emulsifiers are widely used to form and rapidly dissolve tablets because they help to rapidly disintegrate and release the drug without the need for rubbing, swallowing or drinking water. Emulsifiers also improve essential ingredients and increase bioavailability. Various fast melting emulsifiers for tablet formulations include alkyl sulfates, propylene glycol esters, lecithin, sucrose esters, and the like. It can be added in the order of 0.05% to about 15% by weight of the final formulation.
Lubricants [5,12] Although they are not essential excipients, they can help make the tablets tastier after they have been broken down in the mouth. Lubricants can reduce discomfort and aid in the process of drug transfer from the mouth to the stomach.
100 Flavours (taste masking agents) and Sweeteners [5,23] Thanks to flavors and flavoring agents, the products are tastier and for patients. Mixing these ingredients helps to overcome the bitterness and bad taste of some active. Natural and synthetic flavors can be used to increase the organoleptic properties of fast tablet digestion. A wide variety of sweeteners are available, including sugar, dextrose and fructose, as well as non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin sodium, sugar alcohols and sucralose. The addition of sweeteners also imparts a pleasant taste to most formulations.

Techniques for preparing fast Disintegrating tablets Conventional technologies
Various conventional manufacturing techniques for FDTs.

Freeze-drying or lyophilization [2]
It is a pharmaceutical process that allows drying of heat-sensitive drugs and biological substances at short temperatures using a vacuum to extract water by sublimation. The drugs are dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous carrier solution, transferred to a preform in blister packs and purged with nitrogen to freeze, then placed in a refrigerator to complete the process. The characteristics of lyophilization techniques are that they have a high porosity and a specific surface area and are easily soluble in the mouth, which represents a high bioavailability of the drug. The main disadvantage of this system is its high cost, loss of processing time and vulnerability, which makes conventional packaging not suitable for packaging this dosage form and strength problems are under stress.

Advantages
The main advantage of using this technique is that tablets made with this technique have a very short breaking time and have a good mouthfeel due to the rapid melting effect.
Moulding method [19] Tablets are used in the design using hydrophilic components to achieve maximum drug solubility. The powder mass is coated in a hydroalcoholic solvent and compressed into a dosage form. The solvent system is then allowed to evaporate. The taste of the drug particles is improved by spraying a solidified mixture of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, sodium carbonate, lecithin, polyethylene glycol with the active ingredient in a lactose-based tablet triturate. A characteristic of the molding method is that it is very porous because the solvents are removed by drying, leaving a porous mass that promotes faster melting.
Melt granulation [24,25] The melt granulation technique is a process in which pharmaceutical powders can be collected in a soluble binder. The advantage of this technique compared to conventional granulation is that no water or organic solvents are needed. Because there is no drying step, the process is less time consuming and requires less energy than wet granulation. This technique is useful for increasing the degradation of poorly water-soluble drugs such as griseofulvin. [24,25] In this mixture, the additives are softened using a water-soluble substance, such as polyethylene glycol, with methanol as the solvent, after passing through an extruder to form thin rolls. It is further cut with a heated blade to form small tablets. A characteristic feature of this method is that these products can be used to mask the bitter taste of drugs that form small granules, thereby improving oral bioavailability.

Sublimation [18]
Rapid decomposition and decomposition factor are obtained by forming a porous mass by incorporating inert solid components which decompose rapidly, such as urea, camphor ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and hexamethylenetetramine. They are mixed with other ingredients and pressed. The volatile material is changed by reducing the pressure and applying a low temperature, leaving the mass in a porous form. A characteristic of the sublimation method is that they are porous in nature, solvents such as cyclohexane and benzene can be used.
101 Fig. 3:-Schematic diagram of sublimation techniques for preparing fast Disintegrating tablets [24] Direct compression [4] Disintegrant technology (direct compression) is the most common technique in tablet production because it has several advantages: 1. High doses may be used and the final tablet weight may be skipped by other methods. 2. The easiest way to make tablets. 3. Usual equipment and commonly used aids are used. 4. Limited no. appropriate processing steps. 5. Cost effectiveness.
The size and hardness of the tablet will affect the effectiveness of the disintegrant. Hard and large tablets have a longer disintegration time than normally needed. Very smooth and small tablets have low mechanical strength. Therefore, the minimum class and concentration of disintegrant should be chosen to achieve rapid disintegration and high disintegration rates. Above the critical concentration level, however, the degradation time remains almost constant or even increases.
. Fig. 4:-Process of direct compression [25]  Cotton candy process [5] This process is called because it uses a unique rotating mechanism to create a liquid crystal structure that mimics cotton candy. This process involves the formation of a matrix of polysaccharides as carbohydrates by the simultaneous action of flash melts and spins. The formed matrix is partially recrystallized to have better flow properties and compressibility. This cotton candy matrix is then ground and mixed with the active ingredients and MILLING SIEVING MIXING COMPRESSION 102 excipients and then pressed into FDT. However, other polysaccharides, such as polymaltodextrins and polydextrose, can be converted to fibers at temperatures 30-40% lower than sucrose. This change ensures the safe incorporation of thermolabile drugs into the formulation. Tablets made by this process are very porous in nature and provide a very pleasant mouthfeel due to the rapid contamination of sugars in the presence of saliva.

Spray-drying [21]
Using the above method, the components are mixed using hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed gelatin as a carrier, mannitol as a filler, sodium starch glycolate or croscarmellose sodium as a disintegrant and an acidic material (e.g. citric acid) and / or an alkaline material (e.g. decomposition) force. A characteristic of the spray drying method is that it provides a rapid solution (within 20 seconds) when the dosage form is in contact with an aqueous medium.
Phase transition process [25] This process of FDT degradation by a phase transition in sugar alcohols with erythritol (edge point 122 ° C), xylitol (93-95 ° C), trehalose (97 ° C) and mannitol (166 ° C). Tablets are made by compressing a powder containing two high and low melting sugar alcohols and then heating to a temperature between their melting points. Prior to the heating process, the tablets did not have sufficient hardness due to low fit. The hardness of the tablet increases after heating due to the addition of interparticle bonds, because the connecting surface of the tablets is caused by the phase transition of the sugar alcohol with a low melting point.

Fig. 5:-
Flow chart for coating liquid and solid particles using spray-drying process [24] Nanoionization [25,[27][28][29] The newly developed nanotealing technology involves reducing the particle size of the drug to a nanoscale by grinding the drug using a patented wet milling technique. The drug nanocrystals were strengthened against agglomeration by surface adsorption of selected stabilizers, which were subsequently incorporated into the MDT. This technique is especially useful for poorly water-soluble drugs. Other advantages of this technology include rapid disintegration / melting of nanoparticles leading to increased absorption and thus higher bioavailability and reduced dose, cost-effective manufacturing process, conventional packaging due to exceptional durability. and a wider dose range (up to 200 mg drug per unit).
Oral disintegrating or fast Disintegrating thin films [25][26][27][28][29] This is a new frontier in fast-release tablets that provide a convenient way to take medications and supplements. In this technique, an aqueous solution is prepared with a water-soluble film-forming polymer (pullulan, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxylethylcellulose, hydroxylpropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium alcohol). A flavor masking agent which is allowed to form a film upon evaporation 103 of the solvent. In the case of a bitter drug, a resin adsorbate or coated drug microparticles may be incorporated into the film. This film dissolves or dissolves easily when placed in the mouth and releases the drug in the form of a solution or suspension. Features of this system include thin paper films smaller than 2 × 2 inches, decomposition in 5 seconds, immediate drug delivery and taste imitation.

Patented technologies for fast Disintegrating tablets
The nature of the rapid melting of the FDT is often attributed to the rapid entry of water into the tablet matrix, leading to its rapid decomposition. Many technologies have been developed based on formulation aspects and various processes and patents of many pharmaceutical companies. The patented technology is described below: [30] Zydis technology [30] Zydis is a special lyophilised tablet in which the drug is physically trapped or dissolved in a matrix of fast-melting carrier material. When the zydis units are placed in the mouth, the lyophilized structure immediately breaks off and does not need water to help swallow. The zydis matrix is primarily composed of many materials designed to achieve multiple goals. Polymers such as gelatin, dextran or alginates are included to provide strength and resistance to treatment. This given shape is a shiny amorphous structure that supplies energy.

Limitations
1. The amount of medication used can normally be less than 400 mg for insoluble drugs and less than 60 mg for soluble drugs. 2. The particle size of the insoluble drug should not be less than 50 μm and not more than 200 μm to prevent sedimentation during processing.

Advantages
1. The buccal pharynx and stomach areas are all areas of absorption of this formulation. Any pre-gastric absorption prevents first-pass metabolism and may be an advantage of drugs that have a high liver metabolism. 2. The composition of Zydis is self-preserving because the final water concentration in the lyophilized product is too low to allow microbial growth. 3. Patients who have difficulty swallowing oral medications due to dysphagia, stroke or health problems such as gastroesophageal reflux, multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.

Disadvantages
1. This lyophilization process is a relatively expensive manufacturing process. 2. The composition is because it is very light and fragile, and therefore should not be stored in a backpack or under a wallet. 3. Has poor stability at higher temperatures and humidity. 4. The water-insoluble drug can be taken up to 400 mg per tablet or less. On the other hand, the soluble drug can only be taken in 60 mg.
Orasolv technology [5,10] Orasolv technology was developed in CIMA laboratories. In this system, the active drug is stored in the taste. It also contains an effervescent disintegrant. Tablets are made by the direct compression technique with a certain short compression force in order to shorten the oral disintegration time. A tablet machine and conventional mixers are used to make the tablets. Tablets made with this technique are soft and fast and packaged with a specially designed selection and placement system.

Advantages [30]
The taste mask is double, easily digestible. This technology is used for drug strengths ranging from 1 mg to 750 mg. Depending on the formulation and size of the tablet, the disintegration time of the tablet can be designed to range from 10 to 40 seconds.
Disadvantages [30] They are sensitive to moisture due to the presence of an effervescent system and must be properly packaged. Low mechanical strength.
104 Durasolv technology [4,5] Durasolv is a patented technology of CIMA laboratories. Tablets made with this technology consist of a drug, filler and lubricant. The tablets are prepared with this standard tableting machine and have good hardness. They can be packaged in a conventional packaging system, such as blisters. Durasolv is another suitable technology for products that require small amounts of active ingredient.
Advantages [30] DuraSolv technology is ideal for tablets with a small amount (125 mcg to 500 mg) of active ingredient and the tablets are compressed to a maximum hardness of 15-100 N, resulting in a more robust ODT. As a result, this technology allows for packaging flexibility; and then the tablets can be filled into bottles and blisters.

Disadvantages [30]
The technology is not compatible with larger doses of active ingredient because the formulation is exposed to high pressure during compression. The Durasolv powdered powder coating may break during compression and expose the bitter drug taste to the patient's taste.
Wow tab technology [4,5,[30][31] This tablet technology is patented by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. WOW means "no water". In this process, a combination of low formability carbohydrates and high formability carbohydrates is used to obtain a fast melting solid tablet. The combination of their high and low ductility is used to produce boards with sufficient hardness.

Advantages
This tab technology is patented by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. WOW means "Without water". In this process, a combination of low formability carbohydrates and high formability carbohydrates is used to obtain a fast melting solid tablet. The combination of their high and low ductility is used to produce boards with sufficient hardness.

Disadvantages
There was no significant change in bioavailability.
Flash dose technology [4,23,30] Twelve flash technology implemented by Fuisz. Nurofen melt let, a new form of ibuprofen as an orodispersible tablet, prepared using flash dosing technology, is the first commercial product to be marketed by Biovail Corporation. Flash tablets consist of a self-binding matrix of a shear form called a thread. Shear matrices are prepared immediately by rapid heat treatment.

Advantages
High surface area for dissolution Disadvantage 1. The high temperature required to melt the matrix may limit the use of heat-sensitive, moisture-sensitive, and moisture-sensitive drugs. 2. The dosage form can only provide 600 mg of drug. 3. The tablets produced are extremely fresh, soft and sensitive to moisture. 4. Therefore, special packaging is required.
Pharmabust technology [5,12] Pharmaburst technology is patented by SPI pharma. Tablets made in this way contain a dry mixture of the drug, flavor and also lubricant, followed by compression of the tablets, which then dissolve within 30-40 seconds.Tablets made in this way have sufficient strength to be packaged in blisters and vials.
Flashtab technology [38,39] Flashtab technology is another fast-melting / disintegrating tablet formulation. Prographarm labs implement flashtab technology. It uses most of the same excipients as conventional compressed tablets. The disintegrant as well as the swelling agent are used in this formulation in combination with the drug particle coating to disintegrate the tablet in the mouth in less than a minute.

105
Oraquick technology [30][31][32][33] K.V.S. Pharmaceutical has a patent on this technology. It uses a taste microsphere mask technology called micromask, which provides a better mouthfeel than a taste mask alternative, significant mechanical strength and rapid degradation / melting of the product. Not all types of solvents are used in the taste secretion process. This will therefore lead to greater and faster efficient production.

Advantages
Faster and more efficient production, suitable for heat-sensitive drugs.
Dispersible tablet technology [5] Leak in Yugoslavia has issued patents for dihydroergotoxin and cimetidine dispersible tablets, which are said to dissolve in less than 1 minute upon contact with water at room temperature. In its basic form, dihydroergotoxin is poorly soluble in water. Better degradation of this dihydroergotoxinmethanesulfonate was observed for dispersible tablets containing 0.8 to 10%, preferably about 4% by weight of organic acids. One of the main excipients of cimetidine is the formation of ions, which is a disintegrant. It causes rapid swelling and / or a good ability to read tablets and thus rapid disintegration. Disintegrants include starch such as modified starch, microcrystalline cellulose, alginic acid, cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and cyclodextrin polymers. The combination of two or more disintegrants provides better disintegration results.
Advatab technology [39] Advatab tablets disperse rapidly orally, usually in less than 30 seconds, to allow rapid administration of the oral drug without water. These tablets are especially suitable for patients who have difficulty swallowing capsules and tablets. Advatab differs from FDT technologies in that it can be combined with complementary Eurand particulate technologies, such as Microcaps® state-of-the-art taste masking technology and its Diffucaps®, a controlled release technology.
Nanocrystal technology [5,12,30] For fast tablet melting, Elans' patented nanocrystalline technology is able to create and improve the composite activity and properties of the final product. By reducing the particle size, the surface area increases, which leads to an increase in the melting rate. This can be predicted and effectively with nanocrystalline technology. Nanocrystalline particles are easily small drug particles, typically less than 1000 nanometers (nm) in diameter, made by grinding the drug using a patented wet milling technique.
Nanocrystal fast Disintegrating technology provides for 1. Pharmacokinetic benefits of orally administered nanoparticles (<2 microns) in the form of rapid disintegration of the tablet matrix. 2. Product diversity based on a combination of proprietary and patented technological elements. 3. Cost-effective production processes using standard, scalable unit operations.
Frosta technology (Akina) [5,12,13] This technology is implemented by Akina. Frosta technology uses the basic concept of molding plastic granules and compression at short pressures to produce solid tablets with high porosity. The process involves mixing a porous plastic material with a water penetration enhancer and subsequent granulation with a binder.