Nutritional and Bioactive Analysis of Extracted Soybean and Fish Oil

Extensive literature abounds that applauds the importance of fish and soybean oils to human functioning. Evidence suggests that fish and soybean oil constitute a significant public and medical importance to human existence. Numerous authors have emphasized the health benefits of oils. The current research aimed to produce and analyze the nutritional and bioactive constituents of fish and soybean oil widely used in Nigeria. The samples were extracted from fish and soybean seeds using the standard procedures described in the literature. Thirty liters of the oils were removed from the samples, respectively. The nutritional contents and other properties were determined. The study provided insight into the nutritional composition of fish oil and soybean oil. The findings and recommendations are discussed.

According to Ahsan (2018), soybeans are part of the legumes that comprise peanuts, chickpeas, other beans, and pulses, commonly processed into oil, flour, and meal. A large quantity of soybean oil is produced around the globe, making it one of the most common cooking oils available and is highly consumed across cultures (Deol et al., 2020;Korach-Rechtman et al., 2020). The oil is versatile and has been increasingly used in various cooking and industrial purposes (Cheng & Rosentrater, 2017). Extensive literature has linked soybean oil to numerous health benefits (Ciabotti et  Fish oils come from fatty or oily fish, such as trout, mackerel, tuna, herring, sardines, and salmon, and is considered a significant medical and public interest (de Magalhães et al., 2016). The health advantage of fish oil has been widely recognized (Miyashita, 2019). Primarily due to the presence of omega -3-fatty acid and, and docosahexaenoic acid ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 9(10), 1049-1054 1050 (DHA). Fish oil has been commonly used in fortified food products because of its remarkable health benefits (Jamshidi et al., 2020). Accordingly,Encina et al. (2016) reported that fish oil is a natural source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are typically incorporated into food products. For instance, the most nonvitamin, and nonmineral dietary supplements are rich in fish oil(Hilleman et al., 2020). Some fish oil products are recognized as prescription medications to lower triglycerides levels. Although, fish oil supplements do not contain the same amount of fish oil as prescription products, thus, they cannot be substituted with prescription products. Fish oil supplements have been found useful in heartand mental health. However, studies into supplement use have produced mixed results, and it is unclear whether or not supplements are helpful.

Materials and Method:-
All the materials used in the study were adequately prepared and sterilized in line with the procedure outlined in IvanovsandBlumberga(2017). The soybean seed and fish oil were sourced from the general public and subjected to laboratory analysis. The extraction method highlighted in (Campbell & Glatz, 2009) and (Bako et al., 2017) respectively were applied. The moisture content, ash content, fat content, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, and mineral contents of the fish oil were determined. The nutritional contents of soybean oil and the bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, saponins, sugars, phenolic compounds, fatty acid, vitamins, and phosphorus in the samples were also examined.

Result:-
Thirty liters of fish oil and soybean oil were extracted and poured in a white sterile bottle. Drops of the oil were dropped on the filter paper and allowed for few minutes. The tables below show the sample's observed properties, proximate analysis, bioactive component, and mineral constituents.

Discussion:-
The present study aimed to analyze the nutritional and bioactive components of extracted soybean and fish oil. The color, smell, and texture of the fish and soybean oil was observed as shown in the table 1 above. The analysis revealed a yellowish color, and ascent similar to fish and soybean oil. Although the textures were found to be greasy, the oil from the soybean was tackier. Also, the compositions of the fish oil and soybean oil were observed as shown in the table 2 above. It was observed that the carbohydrate constituent of soybean oil was higher compared to the fish oil. This indicates that soybean oil can serve as food. The higher value was indicated as a result of profound color change during the reaction. The moisture content or iodine value in the oils reflects their susceptibility to spoilage. Perhaps, they are meant to be preserved appropriately to ensure longer shelf life (Warner, 2002). The protein constituent represents an essential aspect of the diet required for human and animal survival. Their primary function in nutrition is to supply an adequate amount of required amino acids. Protein deficiency increases growth retardation, abnormal swelling, and fluid collection in the body (Mount, 2000). Conceivably, the observation revealed a significant level of protein in the samples. Thus, crude fat is essential because they provide essential fatty acids (EPA) in that they are part of the vital nutritional requirements of the body. Perhaps Similarly, the tables 4above shows the mineral compositions of the oils. Nevertheless, the analysis based on changes shows that soybean oil has more minerals than fish oil. The probable explanation to this outcome could be attributed to the sources. Perhaps, the presence of minerals such as zinc might indicate that these oils may be useful in reproduction, predominantly male fertility. Accordingly, zinc have been found to stimulate the activity of vitamin formation of red and white corpuscles(Chen et al., 2018).

Conclusion:-
The purpose of the present study was to extract oils from soybean and fish sources primarily to evaluate the nutritional constituents and bioactive strengths. The analysis revealed that fish and soybean oil contain numerous essential dietary compositions. The study provides insight into the usefulness of oils in food and drug formulations. Moreover, the study contributes to the literature by proving that the widely used EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) in Nigeria are essential in human functioning. Therefore, the study recommends increased attention relating to the production, evaluation, and consumption of fish and soybean oil.