EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT AND BIOACTIVE CONTENT OF MONODORA MYRISTICA SEED

For many decades, the area of alternative medicine has attracted considerable attention from researchers worldwide. Interestingly, evidence abounds that affirms the efficacy of alternative medicine in the various healthcare domain. Moreso, the plants properties have been well explored relating to its medicinal compositions. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the antimicrobial and bioactive contents of the M. Myristica seed. The samples were collected and soaked for 24 hrs with different solvents to extract the medicinal component. The qualitative analysis shows the positive result in saponin, glycoside, steroid, and alkaloid, while flavonoid and tannin are negative. The quantitative analysis for M. Myristica seed show 32% to saponins, alkaloid 8.35%, phenol 55.7%, flavonoid 0.0707 mg/ml, and glycoside 5.2% while-tannin is negative. The result shows that M. Myristica can be used to produce vaccines because of saponin, while flavonoids were found to play biological and pharmacological activities, including antioxidants.

. The plant serves as indispensable salts, vitamins, and specific hormone precursors in addition to protein and energy.
Over the years, medicinal plants have been widely used in Nigeria as an alternative therapeutic provision. Insinuations suggest that the country is naturally endowed with plant biodiversity, generally employed in health care (Malami et al., 2020). Accordingly, Chukwuma et al. (2015) contend that medicinal plants have assumed a vital role in the Nigerian healthcare sector. Moreover, certain parts of the country are highly endowed with medicinal plants that have been used for decades (Abubakar et al., 2020). Evidence from Nigeria has shown that plants have the potential of treating health-related problems such as cancer (Fadeyi et  MonodoraMyristica is a hardy tree with medicinal properties and belongs to the Annonaceae family (Ekeanyanwu, 2013). A growing insinuation suggests that all the parts of M. Myristicaare richly endowed with economic and medicinal potentials. Nevertheless, research broadly implicates the seed in health care. They are embedded in the white sweet-scented pulp of the fruit. Generally, the seed is used as a spice in certain soups and as a stimulant in constipation. Also, it has been noted that the seed effectively controls passive uterine hemorrhage following child delivery. The seed yields a colorless volatile oil with a pleasant taste and aroma similar to nutmeg and is used as soup condiment (Nwaozuzu, 2015).

Materials and Method:-
Healthy seeds of M. Myristica seed (African nutmeg) were collected from the general market in Kogi state, Nigeria. The seeds were botanically identified and authenticated by a plant taxonomist to ensure that the seed was M. Myristicaseed. The plant preparation and crude extraction were carried out using the standard procedure described in Adebayo and Ishola (2009). The following tests: Test for alkaloids, Test for saponin, Test for flavonoids, Test for steroids, Test for tannins, Test for glycosides, were conducted using standard procedures described in Abioye et al. (2013).

The phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the extracts
The powdered stem bark of M. myristica was tested for secondary metabolites such as tannins, anthraquinones, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols using standard methods described by Abioye et al. (2013). Antimicrobial activity was carried out using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions together with the crude methanol on cup plate method on gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens such as Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli as described in previous studies(see.  Tables 1 and 2. While the antimicrobial assay results on the extracts are shown in Table 3. The phytochemical screening performed on the aqueous extract of the plant's stem bark revealed tannin, saponins, and flavonoids.    Myristicaseed for its enormous ability to combat cancer. It is also thought to prevent heart diseases to a significant degree and sometimes an anti-inflammatory agent. Tannin was absent in the seed but rich in medicinal plants and is used as a healing agent in several diseases like diarrhea. Furthermore, the antimicrobial analysis showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol indicated varieties of activity on the microorganisms. The examination revealed that hexane and methanol are the most active in that they were found to be active in the isolated organisms. However, Ethyl acetate was found to act in Klebsiella and Enterococcus. Consistent with (Gabriel & Onigbanjo, 2010), the result of the study revealed that Ethyl acetate exhibits the lowest sensitivity against the organisms. The study provides further evidence that M. Myristicaexhibits antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens.

Conclusion:-
The study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial and bioactive