HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SEVERE ACUTE MALNOURISHED CHILDREN ADMITTED AT OUR INSTITUTION

Background: Severe acute malnourished children are prone to deranged pathophysiology. Their haematological profile affected mild to severe degree. Our study was done to observe the haematological profile of severe acute malnourished children admitted at P.B.M. Hospital Bikaner, Rajasthan. Material And Methods : This prospective observational study was designed for severe acute malnourished 178 children. Duration of this study was one year from 01.01.2013 to 31.12.2013. This study was done in special concern of haematological profile of severe acute malnourished children. Results: Our study showed that oedematous malnourished children had anaemia more common than non-oedematous malnourished children.Microcytic hypochromic anaemia and dimorphic anaemia were more common in non- oedematous and oedematous malnourished children. Conclusion: We concluded that Microcytic hypochromic anaemia and dimorphic anaemia is common in severe acute malnourished children. So, our primary target should be prevent malnourishment and secondary should be early diagnosis and management of sequelae by proper monitoring to avoid complications.

Malnourishment is more prevalent in under developed and developing countries. Malnourished children have micronutrient deficiency also. Overall these severe acute malnourished children got altered genesis of hematopoietic cells by depletion of progenitor cells and leads to anaemia [1]. Malnutrition is the major health problem for under five years children not only in India other countries of world. Malnourishment affects multi-organ physiology. In malnourished children haematopoiesis affected by autophagy mechanism, decreased haematopoietic cell growth, and altered extracellular matrix or vascular nodules. These changes lead to decrease red blood cell and white blood cell formation and compromised immune response. Thus these immune compromised children more prone for infection and mortality [2]. Anaemia in malnourished children is due to poor intake of food, indirectly poor intake of macro or micronutrients. This leads to children live in deficient condition and body physiology adapt by compromising the haematological profile with poor immune system [3]. We collect the data related to nourishment of children. We record the anthropometry, mile stone development, mid arm circumference, breast feeding pattern, weaning pattern, parental care history, types of food given, and base line blood investigations. Special concern in complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood film (PBF), and mean haematological values.
Our study shows that among total 145 anaemic SAM children, Microcytic hypochromic anaemia and dimorphic anaemia were more common. There was no significant difference in distribution of anaemia (RBC Morphology) in oedematous and non-oedematous malnutrition.
There were no significant difference of (Total leucocyte count, platelet Count, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrator, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Reticulocytes count, red cell distribution width) mean hematological values between oedematous and nonoedematous malnutrition.
There were no significant differences of mean biochemical values between oedematous and non oedematous malnutrition children in this study.

Discussion:-
Malnutrition is a global health problem. It affects the physical and mental health of children of nation. In North West Rajasthan children below 2 years are more affected population of severe acute malnourishment. There are various factors that affect the nutritional status of children in North West Rajasthan. These are lack of knowledge in caregivers about feeding and weaning, poor hygiene,low socio-economic and education status [4].
Anaemia is the most commonly associated morbidity in severe acute malnourished children of this study. This study showed that total 145 children (81.46%) out of 178 have anaemia.Similar finding was found in Thakur et al study, in which 81.1% children were anaemic [5]. In our study severe anaemia was present in 16 children ( [6,7,8]. Anaemia is the common comorbidity associated with severe acute malnourished children nearly all patients. They were moderate to severe anaemic [9]. We found 145 (81.46%) children out of 178 were anaemic. They were mild to moderate anaemic in our study. Saka AO et al. in 2012 concluded in their study that Children with protein energy malnutrition had altered haematological profile. They had low haemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, MCH and platelets. White blood cell count was higher in their study [10]. Our study showed low haemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, MCH and platelets. But, white blood cell counts were with in normal limits

Conclusion:-
we found that anaemia is the commonly associated comorbidity in severe acute malnourished children. This is due to deficient micro and macro nutrient intake. We concluded that Microcytic hypochromic anaemia and dimorphic anaemia is common in severe acute malnourished children. So, our primary target should be prevent malnourishment and secondary should be early diagnosis and management of sequelae by proper monitoring to avoid complications.