SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT: LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT IN DISTRICT,

The development planning in India has been started from First five year plan in 1951. There was focused on the agriculture. Later on, Industries, education, poverty, unemployment and health etc. all the sectors have been touched. Today, there is going on 12th five year plan. But, it is an illusively higher truth that even with the introduction of a number and varied development programs in India, the country in general and backward areas in particular, have not tasted the fruits of development as yet due to serious reasons (Purohit, 1986). The mountains are not good at the flat land conditions which do not attract more to the agricultural and industrial developments. There are 70.64% of marginal land holder out of total holdings and 17.77% of small land holder out of total holdings (Mittal, 2008). So we need to utilize the agricultural field very carefully. Thus, rural out-migration is dominant in Uttarakhand due to the negative relationship between population and regional development (Bhandari, 2007).Therefore, the figure of socio-economic structure is carried out and the study area is characterized by different developmental zones in this paper.

The development planning in India has been started from First five year plan in 1951. There was focused on the agriculture. Later on, Industries, education, poverty, unemployment and health etc. all the sectors have been touched. Today, there is going on 12 th five year plan. But, it is an illusively higher truth that even with the introduction of a number and varied development programs in India, the country in general and backward areas in particular, have not tasted the fruits of development as yet due to serious reasons (Purohit, 1986). The mountains are not good at the flat land conditions which do not attract more to the agricultural and industrial developments. There are 70.64% of marginal land holder out of total holdings and 17.77% of small land holder out of total holdings (Mittal, 2008). So we need to utilize the agricultural field very carefully. Thus, rural out-migration is dominant in Uttarakhand due to the negative relationship between population and regional development (Bhandari, 2007).Therefore, the figure of socioeconomic structure is carried out and the study area is characterized by different developmental zones in this paper.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-
A well planned, balanced and multi-faceted, multi-level development of a region is a prerequisite of the concept of an overall development. It is an illusively higher truth that even with the introduction of a number and varied development programs in India, the country in general and backward areas in particular, have not tasted the fruits of development as yet due to a series of problems (Purohit, 1996). The only one planning cannot be implemented to all over the country, because there are intra-regional and inter-regional variations in the natural and cultural personality in the whole country. Some parts of the country have mountains and plateau while some has plains. Some parts are very rich in the resource like Chota Nagpur plateau; while some is resource less like Thar Desert. Therefore, the spatio-functional factors thus happen to be very important while formulating the development plans (Purohit, 1996).
In the planning process in India, some special regions have been identified for their integrated development such as tribal regions, backward regions, agricultural and industrial regions and hill regions etc (Purohit,1996). The mountain ranges and hill areas of India have a crucial role to play in determining the climate and physiography of the country and are prime determinants of socio-economic development of plain areas as the rivers have their genesis here and the protection and climate control they provide have enabled India to sustain its position as an economic power. (Planning Commission, 2008). In the wake of their specific location, problems and state and need ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 9(08), 798-806 799 of development, hill areas in Indian planning have been covered under 'special area program'. The special hill area development program at present is in practice in the following states (Purohit, 1996)  The mountains are not good at the flat land conditions which do not attract more to the agricultural and industrial developments. The only 29.3% of the total geographical area is under mountains and hills, while there is 43% area under plain region (Khuller, 2011). Thus the development planning must be different in each zone.

Research Methodology:-
The present study attempts to present the structure of socio-economic condition as a developmental zone in Rudraprayag district. To study the development zone in Rudraprayag district, 16 villages are selected. The demographic and socio-economic data were delineated using primary survey. Field survey using portable handheld Garmin Montana 650 GPS has been conducted for ground thruthing. The spatial mappings of demographic characteristics and migration conditions have been done using Arcgis 9.3 software.

Results and Discussions:-
When one deals with concepts such as levels of development, it is well known that there is a number of value judgments involved (Sita&Prabhu, 1989). There are selected demographic, economic and social factors to make the levels of development of the study area, which is presented as follows -

Indicators Of Socio-Economic Structure
There are selected three indicators to make the socio-economic structure of the study area. They are -

Demographic Index (2011)
The demographic index of the study area is made by 10 demographic parameters which are described above. All the sample villages are put in the hierarchy order under each demographic parameter. Each village got the rank between of 1-16 and the aggregate score of demographic index is made by it. The demographic index is made by using this   7  13  11  2  14  11  14  16  14  8  110  10.64  Hyuna  13  15  6  2  10  9  13  13  15  7  103  11.36  Tankila  12  9  11  2  11  12  12  15  11  8  103  11.36  Kapaniya  2  11  8  2  3  2  3  3  3  8  45  26  Ghegar  1  7  3  2  1  1  1  2  2  1  Economic Index (2011) The economic index of the study area is made by 7 economic parameters which are described above. All the sample villages are put in the hierarchy order under each economic parameter. Each village got the rank between of 1-16 and the aggregate score of economic index is made by it. The economic index is made by using the following formula -T.S. The economic index of the study area is presented in the table 3.

Social Index (2011)
The social index of the study area is made by 9 social parameters which are described above. All the sample villages are put in the hierarchy order under each social parameter. Each village got the rank between of 1-16 and the aggregate score of social index is made by it. The social index is made by using the following formula The social index of the study area is presented in the table 4. The    On the basis of above division, the whole study area is divided into four different levels of development (table 7). . It is because of the out-migration of the male members in search of jobs. The high index of development is due to economic activities of this village.

High Developed Area
Out of three villages in high category, two are from Jakholi Block (Kapaniya and Dhariyanj) and one is from Agastyamuni Block (BarawTalla). Kapaniya village is so much facilitated by market because it is completely attached with Jakholi market area. Therefore, the villagers sell their primary product easily. The economic index of this village is 29.16 point which is equal to Ghengad village and third highest among all villages. The maximum shares of primary product come from milk and vegetables. The average rs 2422 get each family through agriculture. The demographic index of this village is 26 point. The literacy condition of this village is very good. There are 16.7% people (primary survey data) involve in service sector. The improvement of Dhariyanj village is due to economic activity. The economic index of this village is 37.32 point, which is second highest score among all villages. Its main source of primary income is fruits. Although, the dry farming condition of this village is also very good, but the attack of wild animals always destroy their production. Therefore, the people are not taking interest in such production and only focusing on fruits and grass (primary observation). The third village is BarawTalla. Its D.I. (Development Index) is 60.56 point which is greatly support by social index. Its Social Index is 31.64 point which is highest among all villages. There are two schools (primary & middle school), two medical centres (Ayurvedic Hospital & MCW centre) and one post office centre available. Although it is very far from block headquarter (Agastyamuni), but it is advanced by road facility. The economic condition of the village is not so good, because the total area of the village is only 29 hec 2 , which is very small in comparison to other villages. Therefore, the people only focus for self consumption rather than commercialization of agriculture.

Medium Developed Area
There are maximum villages (9) in this zone. There are 5 villages from Agastyamuni Block (BhainsGawn, Temariapalla, Balsundi, Jaikhanda and Dovalya), 3 villages from Jakholi Block (Arkhund, Sisau and MathyaGawn) and one is from Ukhimath Block (Hyuna) in this zone. The economic conditions in all these villages are very poor.
The economic index of all the villages is less than 20 points. The average income which the people get in these 805 villages is ≤ 1000 rs. They focus on self consumption only. The migration in these villages is high also. There are 5 villages where the migration is ≥ 30%. Temariyaplla and Hyuna villages have maximum migration (59.4% & 59.3% respectively). The social index in these villages is not also good. There is only Arkhund village which S.I. (20.78 point) is more than 20 points.

Low Developed Area
There are only 2 villages in this zone. Both villages are from Ukhimath Block (Jurani and Tankila). The D.I. of these villages is < 40 points. The demographic, social and economic index of these villages is very poor. Both villages are very remote situated. Jurani is 46 km and Tankila is 39 km far from town area. People are involved in traditional farming which is good in the ecological point of view rather than economic condition.

Conclusions:-
In the present day context, disparities are very common in the levels of development in all the regions in terms of least moderate and adequate development (Purohit, 1986). Some are developed, some are developing and the rest are under developed condition. The concept of development or we can say regional development is the scientific use of resources and equitable distribution of resources and their conservation (Kumar, 2004). The systematic arrangements of infrastructure development with full of social amenities are found in the developed regions and the high share of different economic sectors in the GDP make them economically well strong, while the same conditions are vice versa in the under developed region. This condition is also seen in the district. Development consists of