QUALITYCONTROL OF CLOXACILLIN SOLD IN NIAMEY CITY BYTHIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

The objective of this study is to control the quality by Thin Layer ChromatographyCloxacillin used in Niamey cityafter carrying out a prospective survey on antibiotics commonly used in health centers and at the same time purchased from street vendors. This quality control aimed to investigate on eleven samples distributed as following as: five samples are from pharmacies; five samples are from street and one sample is the which is used as to check their active ingredient. The different reagents used in this research are: acid (HCl) ethyl and acid. All samples in proposed diluent. This shows that all samples contain the active ingredient substance of cloxacillin.

177 the subgroup of Penicillin M.This family is particularly effective against staphylococci, germs capable of inactivating simple penicillin.It is used in the treatment of skin infections caused by staphylococci or streptococci. Its chemical formula is C 19 H 18 ClN 3 O 5 S and its molecular weight is 435.9 [12 -14].

Material and Method:-
Severaldrugs detection methods are used including thin layer chromatography [15 -19]. This study was carried out using a survey sheet containing a few questions and a camera allowing the TLC of the different samples to be photographed [15,17].

Population
The population is represented by the antibiotics (from pharmacies and street vendors) most commonly sold in the Urban Community of Niamey and used in hospitals and health centers (Niamey National Hospital, Amirou Garga Hospital of Lamordé, Poudrière regional Hospital Center and Maternity Issaka Gazobi) [20 to 23].

Sampling and Size
Our sample is represented by three (3) types of antibiotics of Amoxicillin, namely: 1. Reference antibiotic; 2. The antibiotics most commonly used in health centers (HNN, HNL, CHR and MIG) sold in pharmacies; 3. Antibiotics sold by itinerants.
Thus, our study extended on the size of eleven (11) samples distributed as follows: 1. 5 samples for pharmacies; 2. 5 samples for street vendors; 3. 1 sample specialty used as reference for the molecules to be analyzed.

Reagents used for Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of cloxacillin
The different reagent which have been used for the cloxacillin's TLC are: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 37 %, acetone, distilled water, ethyl acetate and acetic acid[19].

Methodology:-
Before proceeding to the actual operating mode, we made a preliminary test as follows : take a chromatoplate 20 cm * 20 cm which we divide in half and cut the length of the desired chromatoplate, then using the pencil and from the graduated ruler, draw a line of 1.5 cm from the bottom of the sheet that will serve as a baseline.Identify in pencil the different products to be analyzed by personal codes (P for pharmacies and V for street vendors), separating them by one centimeter so as to occupy the entire baseline according to the number of products to be spot on this same baseline. Then prepare the usage and mobile phase solutions, and number the test tubes according to the seller's category.
Extraction solvent for Cloxacillin TLC Theextraction solvent was carried like this: in a 100 mL flask were introduced18 mL of distilled water, 2 mL of 37 % of hydrogen chloride acide (HCl) and 80 mL of acetone [19].
We weighed a powder test sample corresponding exactly to 25 mg by using the average weight of each sample (table I), which we introduced into a 10 mL flask, then complete with the extraction solvent up to the dipstick and shake it.  179 Finally, the chromatographic sheet was immersed in the chromatographic tank and wait for migration (figure 3). The chromatoplate was taken out of the chromatographic chamber to dry it in the free area, then put it in the chromatographic tank in order to observe and verify the migration of stains.

Results and Discussion:-
To date, no research has been done on the TLC of cloxacillin, since the TLC is still a qualitative analysis, a test to identify the presence or not of the desired active ingredient.

Presentation of TLC analysis results
After having carried out the procedure from the spotage to the observation of the iodine chromatograms, the plates were photographed and represented in the form of the figure below. the plates of the iodine chromatograms were photographed and represented in the form of the figure below ( Figure  4).
Through the photographs of the various thin layer chromatography's (TLC) of the samples per molecule, it has been observed that the samples of all the molecules have migrated; which leads us to conclude that the active ingredient exists in these samples and that whatever the content.
After presenting the TLC photographs of the different samples by molecule, we measured the distances traveled by the different solvents and samples in cm (Table II), then we calculated the RF of each sample (Table III).  The table above shows that all the samples of pharmacies traveled on average the same distances, they have lower than 100 %. For the street vendors forty percent of the samples have the same percentage active ingredientas the pharmacies but the sixty percent of them have percentage active ingredient higher than 100 %.

Conclusion:-
The results of the study reveal that in the two cases (pharmacy and street vendors)that the migration was effective for all the samples.Therefore, this reveals the presence of Active Ingredient in all the samples.Theymeet the standards recommended by WHO which is between 90 and 110 %.Cloxacillinsamples from pharmacies have Active Ingredient Content lower than 100 % like the forty percentsamples from street vendors while the sixty percent of these have percentage active ingredient higher than 100 %.