EFFECT OF METFORMIN ON WEIGHT REDUCTION AMONG DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC OBESE PATIENTS Mechanism of metformin action by decreasing intestinal

IL, USA). Results: Results had shown that 66.7 % of diabetic obese patients were more than 50 years while 35.5 % of non- diabetic obese patients were 21-25 years. 1-5 kg was the weight reduction in both diabetic and nondiabetic obese patients (43.9 % and 38.2 %, respectively) Conclusions : According to this study, metformin is an e ﬀ ective therapy to reduce weight in diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients. Further studies are needed with exact weight reduction.


ISSN: 2320-5407
Int. J. Adv. Res. 9(02), 893-897 894 glucose absorption, improving peripheral glucose uptake, lowering the fasting plasma insulin level, and increasing insulin sensitivity, which results in a reduction of blood glucose concentration without causing overt hypoglycaemia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of metformin on weight reduction among two groups, which were diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients.

Subjects and Methods:-Study design:
A cross sectional questionnaire was used to evaluate the efficacy of metformin in weight reduction in diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients among Benghazi population. a well-designed questionnaire was containing demographic questions; in addition, questions about metformin uses, duration, and diseases rather than diabetes. A hundred patients age ranged from 21 to more than 50 years were included from two outpatient clinics in Benghazi city. The questionnaire was distributed and filled by sixty-six diabetic patients at Diabetic Center (Benghazi, Libya), at the same time, the same questionnaire was sent to a nutritionist at Adamah clinic to fill with her patients. Thirty-four obese females who used metformin for the purpose of losing weight were included in this study, whether the weight gain was a result of diseases such as PCOS or without a specific disease. Unfortunately, due to COVID 19 pandemic, the researchers could not collect enough samples from non-diabetic obese patients. Patients' weights, before using metformin and at the time where the researchers collect data, were collected from their files while the patients were filling the questionnaire. The study period was from January to December 2020.

Ethics:
The study was approved by the Libyan international medical university research ethics committee.

Statistical analysis :
Data was collected and analyzed by using IBM® SPSS statistics soft wear (Version 21.0; SPSS Inc.: Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted.

Results:-
A hundred patients were included in the study with 100 % response rate, which were 33 females and 33 males' diabetic obese patients and 34 females' non-diabetic obese patients. The majority (66.7 %) of diabetic patients were more than 50 years and 22.5 % were 46-50 years while the majority (35.5 %) of non-diabetic patients were 21-25 years old followed by 25.5% were 32-35 years (Table.1). The results showed that 29 (43.9 %) of diabetic patients (21 patients aged > 50 years old) had weight reduction from 1 to 5 kg after using metformin while 27.3 % had not change in their weight. However, 11 (38.2 %) of non-diabetic participants (9 of them were from 21-25 years old) had a weight loss of 1 to 5 kg and weight loss of 6 to 10 kg was reported by approximately 20.6 % of patients (Table.2).   The participants were asked if they suffer from any diseases: For diabetic patients: 27.3 % had hypertension, 3 % had hypothyroidism, 4.5 % had kidney diseases,3 % had gout, and 3 % had asthma. While 29.5 % of non-diabetic patients had polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
A significant number of participants were found that they were not following any diet regime (80.3 % of diabetic patients and 55.9 % of non-diabetic obese patients) ( Figure.2). The last question showed that all diabetic obese patients had started metformin following physicians' prescription and all non-diabetic obese participants followed their nutrition's advice.

Discussion:-
Researchers have studied the effect of metformin on patients' weight in non-diabetic patients and others who had different diseases, some of them showed that metformin had significantly reduced weight in non-diabetic patients. [11] Other studies showed that it also reduces weight in type II diabetic patients, in which the average of weight loss was 5%. [12] In addition, many studies proved that metformin reduces weight in women with PCOS. [13] This study represented the difference in weight reduction between diabetic patients and non-diabetic obese patients. A sample of 100 patients was collected, 66 of them were diabetic (33 males and 33 females) and 34 were nondiabetic female patients. The age of the most diabetic patients was more than 50 years old with percentage 66.7%, and non-diabetic patients' age ranged from 21 to 25 years with percentage 35.3%. The most weight reduction was 1-5 kg with percentage of 43.9% and 38.2% for diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients, respectively. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19 pandemic situation, researchers could not collect enough samples from nondiabetic obese patients. In addition, only patients from 21-25 years old were visiting the nutrition clinic while the patients, who were more than 50 years old, were afraid to visit the clinic because of coronavirus. Also, they could not find males patients at the clinic (Table.3).  Female  12  5  0  1  1  10  4  33  Total  29  7  0  2  1  18  9  66  No  gender  Female  13  7  3  3  0  8  0  34  Total  13  7  3  3  0  8  0  34 The patients were asked if they were on a diet regime with metformin administration or not. 18.2% of diabetic patients said "YES" while 81.8% said "NO". For non-diabetic patients 44.1% said "NO". Therefore, the diabetic patients who started dieting regime before metformin administration was 1.5% and none of non-diabetic patients started diet regime before administrating of metformin. In addition, the patients were asked if they suffer from any diseases. For diabetic patients, the answers were: 18 of them had hypertension, 2 had hypothyroidism, 3 had kidney diseases, 2 had gout, and 2 had asthma. While 10 of non-diabetic patients had PCOS.