A REVIEW ON ANALGESIC HERBAL

Analgesics are the substances which are used in pain, without losing consciousness. The word analgesic derives from Greek an- ("without") and algos ("pain"). Analgesic drugs act in various form on the central nervous systems and peripheral nervous system. Various sources of analgesic drugs synthetic analgesic and natural analgesic, natural analgesics like opoid analgesics, Aloevera Barbedensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Zingiber Officinale, Eugenia caryophyllata, Cinnamomum camphora, Matricaria pubescens etc. This review gives information about different analgesic obtained from natural sources.


ISSN: 2320-5407
Int. J. Adv. Res. 9(01), 1126-1132 1127 These drugs causes stomach dysfunction, pruritus, blurred vision, Dizziness, skin rash, and liver damage. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are more expensive. To minimize their side effects and costs researches are looking to natural medicines obtained from herbs.
Herb containing flavonoids performed many effects by blocking the cyclooxigenase enzyme, tannins. The chemical constitute iridoid and flavonoid in extracts of herb is responsible for analgesic activity.Monoterpene ingredients linalool presence in cinnamon extracts that act on pain receptors and produce an analgesic action. Phenols like eugenol block calcium from into the cell and thus loss the pain sensation. In rhizome ginger, gengerol is active chemical constituent it has strong activity to inhibiting prostaglandins. And produced mechanisms that lower vascular permeability and induce of pain mediators, is the main analgesic agent of ginger herb. Analgesic activity of ziziphora clinopodioiedes obtained from the Lamiaceae family that produced analgesic activity by inhibiting acid and prostaglandins synthesis and arachidonic affecting opioids (Zafar, 2010).

Synthetic drugs:
various drugs have analgesic activity like paracetacetamol, diclofenac, NSAIDs, ibuprofen, cox-2 inhibiters etc. Natural analgesic drugs: many herbs having analgesic activity which is obtained from nature. This are as follows:

Opioid Analgesics:
Opioids drugs are narcotics derived from Opium. Opium is obtained from the dried latex of the opium poppy, (Biological source: Papaver somniferum). Opioids are drug which act on opioid receptors in the (CNS) central nervous system & opioids used as analgesic activity. Opioids used in chronic diseases like cancer to relieve sever pain.

GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE )(Ahmad et al., 1993, Karthika et al., 2018):
Ginger rhizome extract is used in joint swelling. It was reported that ginger relieve pain and relieve swelling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis as well as those with muscular pain without cause of any adverse reaction during a period ranging from 3 months to 2.5 years The main aim to study ability of Ginger-juice used as analgesia. ginger active constituents blocked arachidonic acid metabolism cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LOX) pathways.

MATRICARIA PUBESCENS (Metrouh and Amir, 2018)
Family: Asteraceae Extraction process: whole plant collected sample air dried and grind to fine powder, powder is extracted with 100mL of methanol using soxhlet apparatus for 6 h. filtration of extract, dry it.

Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.)
A medicinal plant known to the human race since the ancient civilizations, continues to be cultivated around the globe for the production of phamaceutical opiates and heroin.
The name poppy is derived from latin meaning "sleep inducing". The raw opium is processed to obtain various alkaloids namely morphine, thebaine, codeineand papaverine which have clinical usefulness.
Traditional Indian system of Medicine-Ayurveda has used opium/tincture opium for several elements. These include conjunctivitis, analgesia, relief of pain for biliary and renal colic, anti-diarrhoeal, for common cold and cough and insomnia.