AN EVALUATION ON THE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION PREFERENCES OF THE IDA MOUNTAIN (TURKEY) FORESTS

outside on-site measurements understand the potential of study, to obtain basic climatological database, based on temperature and precipitation values that can be evaluated for further detailed eco-geographic studies for Mt. Ida tree communities. The two most important climatological factors that affect and determine the distribution of tree communities in any location are temperature and precipitation. In eco-geographical researches, there was a lack of research regarding the temperature and precipitation preferences of Mt. Ida tree species, thus, findings that we obtained provide an opportunity for evaluations. Measuring temperature and precipitation for tree communities in forests, usually in mountainous areas, requires extensive labor and time. investigating the relationship between and climate on lands tree tree species Pinus terrestrial beech as characteristic mm and the Pinus brutia-Pinus nigra stands with 73 mm. The lowest values of the summer seasonal minimum precipitation were obtained in the areas of Pinus brutia with 7 mm, in Quercus stands with 11 mm, and in Pinus brutia-Quercus stands with 10 mm. The highest values of average maximum temperatures in summer season are in combination of Pbru with 25.5 0 C, Qu (Quercus) with 24.8 0 C and Pbru-Qu with 24.7 0 C. The highest values of the mean summer temperatures were similarly obtained in Pinus pinea, Pinus brutia, Pinus brutia-Quercus, Quercus -Other leafed tree stands. The lowest values of seasonal average precipitation are in the areas of pure Pinus pinea with 23 mm and in pure Pinus brutia stands with 26 mm. The highest values of autumn seasonal maximum temperatures are in Pinus nigra stands with 18,7 0 C and in Pinus brutia stands with 17,1 0 C. The highest values of seasonal average maximum precipitation are in Pinus nigra with 139 mm, in Pinus nigra-Abies with 134 mm and in Pinus brutia with 135 mm. The highest values of seasonal average temperatures are in Pinus pinea with 15.3 0 C and in Pinus brutia with 14.9 0 C; the lowest value of seasonal average temperatures are in the dominant stands of Abies-Fagus with 10.2 0 C and in Fagus-Abies stands with 10.5 0 C. The lowest values of seasonal average precipitation are in the Quercus-Fagus union with 80 mm, in the Pinus nigra-Pinus brutia stands with 84 mm. The highest values of seasonal mean precipitation are in Pinus nigra-Abies with 117 mm, in Abies-Fagus stands with 119 mm and in Fagus-Abies with 116 mm.

Abies (Abi) (G) forests are located on the northern slope of Mt. Ida, between 499 and 1394 meters elevations, while in a very small area on the south slope, between 1155 and 1406 meters elevation (Hepbilgin and Koç, 2019b). Almost all of the pure Abies forests in the Mt. Ida natural forest area are located on the northern slope with a total area of approximately 2 km 2 , and 75% of which located on lands facing north-northwest side (Hepbilgin, 2019c). 92% of pure Abies forests are located between 1000 and 1500 meters on the northern slope of Mt. Kaz whereas 90% of pure Abies forests are located between 1250 and 1500 meters of altitude on the southern slope of Kaz Mountain (Hepbilgin and Koç, 2019b). Annual average minimum, maximum and average temperature and precipitation values in Mt. Kaz pure Abies forests were obtained as 8.9 0 C, 13.2 0 C, 10 0 C, 928 mm, 1414mm and 1286 mm (Table 1).
It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Abies areas range from 1 0 C (in January) to 18 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation ranges from 27 mm (in August) to 138 mm (in December) (Fig 1a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 23 0 C (in July) and the average monthly maximum precipitationsrange from 67 mm (in August) to 180 mm (in December) (Fig 1b). Average monthly temperatures range from 2 0 C (in January) to 19 0 C (in July), and precipitations range from 56 mm (in August) to 169 mm (December) in Mt. Ida pure Abies stands (Fig 1c).
Seasonal minimum mean temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Abies areas are 2 0 C in winter and 17 0 C in summer; the average minimum precipitation is observed to be between 33 mm (in summer) and 114 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 9 0 C and 80 mm (Fig 1i). The average maximum winter and summer mean temperature and precipitation values are 5 0 C to 22 0 C; and between 73 mm -156 mm, respectively.The average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 128 mm (Fig 1ıı). While seasonal average temperatures are 3 0 C (in winter) and 18 0 C (in summer) respectively, seasonal average precipitation values range between 62 mm in summer and 145 mm in winter. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 110 mm, respectively (Fig 1ııı). 294 (Hepbilgin, 2019c). Pinus pinea forest in Mt. Ida is located between 89 meters and 302 meters on the northern slope, while on the south slope it can be seen up to 422 meters above sea level (Hepbilgin and Koç, 2019b). While 93% of the Pinus pinea areas on the southern slope of Mt. Ida are between 250 and 500 meters' elevation; the entire area of Pinus pinea on the northern slope of Mt. Ida is between 0 and 500 meters (Hepbilgin and Koç, 2019b).
In the Mt. Ida pure Pinus pinea areas, monthly mean minimum temperatures are between 5 0 C (in January), 24 0 C (in July), and monthly average minimum precipitation is between 8 mm (in August) and 110 mm (in December) (Fig  2a). Monthly maximum average temperatures are between 5 0 C (in January) and 26 0 C (in July); monthly maximum mean precipitation ranges from 22 mm (in August) to 137 mm (in December) (Fig 2b). Average monthly temperatures in Mt. Ida Pinus pinea areas are between 6 0 C (in January) and 24 0 C (in July); precipitation varies between 16 mm (in August) and 130 mm (in December) (Fig 2c).
Seasonal minimum mean temperatures in pure Pinus pinea areas in Mt. Ida are 6 0 C in winter and 23 0 C in summer; the average minimum precipitation is observed to be between 14 mm (in summer) and 89 mm (in winter). In addition, the minimum average temperatures in spring and autumn and precipitation are around 14 0 C and 55 mm (Fig 2ı). Maximum mean temperature and precipitation values are 7 0 C in winter and 25 0 C in summer; and between 28 mm in summer and 112 mm in winter. The maximum mean temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 15 0 C and 78 mm (Fig 2ıı). Seasonal mean temperatures are 7 0 C (in winter) and 24 0 C (in summer) respectively; and precipitation is between 23 mm (in summer) and 106 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 14 0 C and 71 mm, respectively (Fig 2ııı). 295 Pinus nigra (Pni) (Çk) forests form 34% of the natural forest area in Mt. Ida. No particular aspect selectivity was found in the spread of Pinus nigra forests (Hepbilgin 2019c). Pure Pinus nigra forests are 216 m -1708 m on the northern slope of Mt. Ida; on the south slope, it spreads in the range of 273 m -1735 m (Hepbilgin and Koç, 2019b). 90% of the pure Pinus nigra area on the northern slope of Mt. Ida is between 250 m -1000 m and almost all of the pure Pinus nigra areas on the southern slope are between 500 m and 1500 m (Hepbilgin and Koç, 2019b). Annual mean minimum, maximum and average temperatures in pure Pinus nigra forests in Mt. Ida are 7.4 0 C, 14.7 0 C, and 11.7 0 C, respectively; annual average minimum, maximum and average precipitation were 745 mm, 1588 mm and 1092 mm respectively (Table 1).
It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in pure Pinus nigra area in Mt. Ida are form 0 0 C (in January) to 16 0 C (in July), and the monthly mean minimum precipitation is between 14 mm (in August) and 122 mm (in December) (Fig 3a). Monthly maximum mean temperatures are between 6 0 C (in January) and 30 0 C (in July); monthly maximum mean precipitation varies between 81 mm (in August) and 195 mm (in December) (Fig  3b). Monthly mean temperatures in pure Pinus nigra area in Mt. Ida are between 4 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July); precipitation varies between 41 mm (in August) and 152 mm (in December) (Fig 3c).
The seasonal minimum mean temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Pinus nigra area are 1 0 C in winter and 15 0 C in summer; minimum mean precipitation is between 20 mm (in summer) and 100 mm (in winter).
In addition, the average minimum temperatures in spring and autumn and precipitation are around 8 0 C and 65 mm (Fig 3i). Maximum winter and summer mean temperatures and precipitation are between 7 0 C and 24 0 C; 87 mm and 171 mm respectively. The average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 16 0 C and 135 mm (Fig 3ii). Seasonal mean temperatures are 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer) respectively; precipitation values are between 47 mm (in summer) and 129 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 95 mm, respectively (Fig 3ııı) Mean Temp.

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Pinus brutia (Pbru), which has a natural distribution area in the Eastern Mediterranean, covers 25% of the natural forest area of Mt. Ida (Hepbilgin 2019c The annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures in Ida Mountain Pinus brutia forests are 9.7 0 C, 16.3 0 C, and 14.1 0 C, respectively; while the annual minimum, maximum and average precipitation values are 600 mm, 1316 mm, and 833 mm respectively (Table 1).
Maximum mean temperatures in the Pinus brutia forests in Mt. Ida vary between 2 0 C and 26 0 C during the year (Fig  4b). The lowest mean temperatures in the Pinus brutia forests are between 2 0 C and 19 0 C (Fig 4a), the highest temperatures range between 6 0 C (in January) and 26 0 C (in July) (Fig 4b). Mean temperatures range between 6 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July), and average precipitation ranges from 21 mm (in August) to 130 mm (in December) in Pinus brutia area in Mt. Ida (Fig 4c).
In seasonal charts; minimum, maximum and average temperatures are 3-18 0 C, 6-26 0 C and 6-23 0 C in winter and summer. In spring, the minimum, maximum and average temperatures are 10 0 C, 15 0 C and 13 0 C, respectively ( Spring precipitation is very important for the Pinus brutia forests, which are especially at risk of fire in the summer drought, to overcome this risk phase more easily (Günal, 1997). Pinus brutia forests which spread from the south of Italy to Israel and to Jordan then, reaches the widest spreading in Turkey (Günal, 1997). The best spreading of Pinus brutia, which has high temperature and light, and low humidity demand, is in the Mediterranean region can be considered as an indicator that the most important factor determining the spreading area of Pinus brutia is the temperature. (Günal, 1997). The annual average temperature values in these spreading areas of Pinus brutia are between 12-18 0 C (Günal, 1997). The average temperature range of the coldest month is 5-9 0 C, and the average temperature range of the warmest month is 23-29 0 C; falling average annual precipitation is over 600 mm (Günal, 1997 In Mt. Ida, pure Quercus areas, monthly mean minimum temperatures are observed between 2 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and monthly minimum mean precipitation is between 6 mm (in August) and 107 mm (in December) (Fig 5a). Average monthly maximum temperatures vary between 7 0 C (in January) and 26 0 C (in July), monthly maximum mean precipitation varies between 64 mm (in August) and 180 mm (in December) (Fig 5b). Average monthly temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Quercus areas are between 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July); precipitation varies between 29 mm (in August) and 140 mm (in December) (Fig 5c). Seasonal average minimum temperatures and precipitation in Mt. Ida pure Quercus areas are between 2 0 C in winter, 17 0 C in summer, 11 mm (in summer) and 87 mm (in winter) respectively.
In addition, the seasonal minimum mean temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 54 mm (Fig 5ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are 8 0 C and 25 0 C, 70 mm and 155 mm respectively, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 15 0 C and 120 mm. (Fig 5ıı). Seasonal average temperatures and precipitation range between 5 0 C (in winter) and 22 0 C (in summer), 35 mm (in summer) and 117 mm (in winter), respectively. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 82 mm, respectively (Fig 5ııı). It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Fagus areas are between 1 0 C (in January) and 17 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 26 mm (in August) and 138 mm (in December) (Fig 6a). It is also observed that the mean monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 23 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 68 mm (in August) to 181 mm (in December) (Fig 6b). The monthly mean temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Fagus stands range from 2 0 C (in January) to 19 0 C (in July), and precipitation ranges from 57 mm (in August) to 170 mm (in December) (Fig 6c).

Seasonal
average minimum temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Fagus stands are obtained as 2 0 C in winter and 16 0 C in summer; the average minimum precipitation is observed to be between 83 mm (in summer) and 114 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 9 0 C and 80 mm (Fig 6ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperature and precipitation values are between 6 0 C and 22 0 C, 75 mm -157 mm respectively, and the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 123 mm. (Fig 6ıı). Seasonal mean temperatures and precipitation range between 3 0 C (in winter) and 18 0 C (in summer) and precipitation values range between 64 mm (in summer) and 146 mm (in winter) respectively. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation values in spring and autumn are obtained around 10 0 C and 112 mm, respectively (Fig 6ııı). Annual mean minimum, maximum and average temperatures and precipitation in pure Castanea forests in Mt. Ida are 11,5 0 C, 13 0 C and 12,2 0 C; 955 mm, 1119 mm and 1043 mm, respectively (Table 1). Monthly average minimum temperatures in Mt. Ida pure Castanea forest range from 3 0 C (in January) to 21 0 C (in July), while minimum mean precipitation ranges from 29 mm (in August) to 141 mm (in December) (Fig 7a). While the mean of the maximum temperatures is 5 0 C (in January), 23 0 C (in July), the mean of the maximum precipitation ranges from 42 mm (in August) to 155 mm (in December) (Fig 7b). In Mt Ida pure Castanea stands where monthly mean temperatures are between 4 0 C and 22 0 C, monthly mean precipitation vary between 36 mm and 148 mm (Fig 7c).
In pure Castanea forest in Ida Mountain, seasonal average minimum temperatures range between 4 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July), and seasonal average minimum precipitation ranges from 35 mm (in summer) to 117 mm (in winter) (Fig 7ı). Average maximum temperatures are between 5 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in December), while average maximum precipitation is between 48 mm (in summer) and 131 mm (in winter) (Fig 7ıı).In pure Castanea forests in Mt. Ida where seasonal mean temperatures are 5 0 C in winter and 21 0 C in summer, seasonal mean precipitation is between 42 mm (summer) and 124 mm (winter).  (Table 1).
Monthly minimum mean temperatures of Mt. Ida maquis areas are obtained between 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July); and monthly average minimum precipitation is 13 mm (in August) and 124 mm (in December). It is observed that average monthly maximum temperatures range from 6 0 C (in January) to 25 0 C (in July), and average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 51 mm (in August) to 166 mm (in December) (Fig 8b). Average monthly temperatures in maquis areas of Mt. Ida are between 4 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in July); and precipitation was obtained from 31 mm (August) to 142 mm (December) (Fig 8c).
Seasonal average minimum temperatures in Ida Mountain's maquis areas are 4 0 C in winter and 19 0 C in summer; the average minimum precipitation is observed to be between 20 mm (in August) and 101 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are 11 0 C and 65mm (Fig 8ı). The maximum mean winter and summer temperatures are between 7 0 C and 21 0 C, while the maximum mean temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 15 0 C and 105 mm (Fig 8ıı). Seasonal average temperatures and  301 precipitation in Mt. Ida maquis areas are between 5 0 C (in winter) and 21 0 C (in summer) and 37 mm (in summer) and 119 mm (in winter). Again, the average temperature in spring and autumn is about 13 0 C (Fig 8ııı). Annual mean minimum, maximum and average temperatures and precipitation in Pbru-Qu stands in Ida Mountain were obtained as 11 0 C, 15.9 0 C, 13.6 0 C and 657mm, 1212 mm and 888 mm, respectively ( Table 1).
The monthly average minimum temperature and precipitation of Ida Mountain, Pbru-Qu stands are 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July), 5 mm (in August) and 114 mm (in December), respectively (Fig 9a). It is observed that monthly maximum mean temperatures range from 7 0 C (in January) to 26 0 C (in July), while monthly maximum mean precipitation values are between 50 mm in August and 165 mm in December (Fig 9b). The monthly mean temperature and precipitation in Pbru-Qu stands in Mt. Ida are obtained as 5 0 C in January and 23 0 C in July; 25 mm in August and 135 mm in December (Fig 9c).
Seasonal minimum mean temperatures and precipitation values in Pbru-Qu areas are between 4 0 C in winter and 19 0 C in summer, 10 mm in summer and 94 mm in winter (Hepbilgin 2019c). In addition, the minimum mean temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 55 mm (Fig 9ı). The maximum winter and summer mean temperatures and precipitation are around 8 0 C to 25 0 C, 56 mm -141 mm respectively, and the spring and autumn average maximum temperature and precipitation values obtained around 15 0 C and 103 mm (Fig 9ıı). Annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures in the Pbru-Pni stands are 11,3 0 C, 14,9 0 C and 13,5 0 C; while annual minimum, maximum and average precipitation values were 753, 1183 and 889 mm, respectively (Table 1). Monthly average minimum temperatures in Pbru-Pni stands are between 3 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July), and monthly minimum mean precipitation value is 13 mm in August and 121 mm in December (Fig 10a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 6 0 C in January to 25 0 C in July, and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 46 mm in August to 163 mm in December (Fig  10b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation indicators in Ida Mountain Pbru-Pni areas were obtained as 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July), 26 mm (in August) and 134 mm (in December) (Fig 10c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Pbu-Pni stands are between 4 0 C in winter and 20 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 20 mm in summer and 100 mm in winter. In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 65 mm (Fig 10ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperature and precipitation are between 7 0 C and 24 0 C, 53 mm and 138 mm, respectively. Spring and autumn maximum mean temperature and precipitation are around 15 0 C and 105 mm (Fig 10ıı). Seasonal average temperatures are 6 0 C (in winter) and 22 0 C (in summer) respectively; precipitation is between 31 mm (in summer) and 112 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and Annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures and precipitation in Pinus nigra-Maquis stands were obtained as 9,1 0 C, 14,9 0 C, 12,1 0 C; 786 mm, 1410 mm, 1058 mm, respectively (Table 1). In Pni-Ma stands in Mt. Ida monthly average minimum temperatures are observed between 2 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and monthly average minimum precipitation is between 14 mm (in August) and 126 mm (in December) (Fig 11a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 6 0 C (in January) to 25 0 C (in July), and average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 66 mm (in August) to 181 mm (in December) (Fig 11b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation indicators in Pni-Ma stands in Ida Mountain were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in July), 38 mm (in August) and 150 mm (in December) (Fig 11c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Ida Mountain Pni-Ma areas are between 2 0 C in winter and 17 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 20 mm (in August) and 103 mm in winter. In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 68 mm (Fig 11ı). The mean maximum winter and summer temperature and precipitation are around 7 0 C to 24 0 C, 72 mm -157 mm, and the spring and autumn average maximum temperature and precipitation are around 15 0 C and 120 mm 304 (Fig 11ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 5 0 C in winter and 21 0 C in summer, respectively, and precipitation ranges between 44 mm in summer and 126 mm in winter. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 92 mm, respectively (Fig 11ııı).  Table 1). The monthly minimum mean temperatures in Pni-Abi dominant stands of Ida Mountain are between 1 0 C (in January) and 16 0 C (in July), while the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 21 mm in August and 133 mm in December (Fig 12a). Monthly maximum mean temperatures range from 5 0 C in January and 24 0 C in July, while mean monthly maximum precipitation values are between 77 mm in August and 191 mm in December (Fig  12b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation indicators in Ida Mountain Pni-Abi stands were obtained as 2 0 C in January and 19 0 C in July, 59 mm in August and 172 mm in December (Fig 12c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Ida Mountain Pni-Abi areas are between 1 0 C in winter and 15 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 28 mm in August and 109 mm in winter. In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 9 0 C and 75 mm (Fig  12ı). The maximum winter and summer mean temperature and precipitation values are between 6 0 C and 23 0 C, and 83 mm and 167 mm. In addition, spring and autumn average maximum temperatures and precipitation values are 305 around 14 0 C and 130 mm (Fig 12ii). Seasonal average temperatures range between 3 0 C (in winter) and 18 0 C (in summer), respectively, and precipitation ranges between 66 mm (in summer) and 148 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 113 mm, respectively (Fig  12ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures and precipitation in the Pni-Pbru stands were obtained as 10.5 0 C, 14.7 0 C, 13.1 0 C; 745mm, 1257mm and 938mm, respectively (Table 1).
Monthly average minimum temperatures in Pni-Pbru stands are between 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July), and monthly mean minimum precipitation is between 14 mm in August and 122 mm in December (Fig 13a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 6 0 C (in January) to 24 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 53 mm (in August) to 169 mm (in December) (Fig 13b).
Average monthly temperature and precipitation on Pni-Pbru fields are 5 0 C in January and 22 0 C in July, 29 mm in August and 139 mm in December (Fig 13c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Pni-Pbru stands are between 4 0 C in winter and 19 0 C in summer; and average minimum precipitation is between 20 mm (in August) and 99 mm (in Winter). In addition, 306 the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 100C and 65 mm (Fig 13ı). The mean maximum winter and summer temperature and precipitation values are between 7 0 C and 23 0 C; 59 mm and 145 mm respectively, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 15 0 C and 106 mm (Fig 13ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 6 0 C in winter and 21 0 C in summer, respectively, and precipitation ranges between 35 mm in summer and 117 mm in winter. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 81 mm, respectively (Fig 13iii). The annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures in the Pni-Qu areas were 7.8 0 C, 14.7 0 C and 12.4 0 C respectively, and annual minimum, maximum and average precipitation were 791, 1548 and 1025 mm, respectively (Table 1).
It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Pni-Qu stands are between 0 0 C (in January) and 16 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 15 mm (in August) and 125 mm (in December) (Fig 14a). Average monthly maximum temperatures are between 6 0 C (in January) and 25 0 C (in July); monthly maximum mean precipitation values vary between 77 mm (in August) and 192 mm (in December) (Fig  14b). Average monthly temperature and precipitation indicators in Pni-Qu areas were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in July), 35 mm (in August) and 147 mm (in December) (Fig 14c).

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It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Pni-Qu areas are between 1 0 C in winter and 15 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 21 mm (in August) and 102 mm (in Winter). In addition, spring and autumn average minimum temperatures and precipitation are around 9 0 C and 68 mm (Fig 14ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation values are between 7 0 C and 24 0 C, 84 mm (in summer) and 168 mm (in winter), respectively, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 15 0 C and 132 mm (Fig 14ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 5 0 C (in winter) and 21 0 C (in summer), and while seasonal mean precipitation values are between 41 mm in summer and 123 mm in winter, respectively. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 90 mm, respectively (Fig 14ııı). The annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures and precipitations in the Pni-Fag areas were 9,1 0 C, 14,9 0 C and 12,1 0 C; 786 mm, 1410 mm and 1058 mm, respectively (Table 1).
It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Mt. Ida Pni-Fag stands are between 1 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 10 mm (in August) and 123 mm (in December) (Fig 15a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 6 0 C (in January) to 25 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation values range from 67 mm (in August) to 180 mm (in December) (Fig 15b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation in Pni-Fag areas in Mt. Ida were obtained as 3 0 C in January and 20 0 C in July, 47 mm in August and 159 mm in December (Fig 15c). 308 Seasonal minimum mean temperature and precipitation in Pni-Fag stands of Mt. Ida were obtained as 2 0 C (in winter) and 17 0 C (in spring), 16 mm (in summer) and 99 mm (in Winter) (Fig 15c). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 65 mm (Fig 15ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 7 0 C and 24 0 C and between 74mm (in summer) and 157mm (in winter) while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are 15 0 C and 120mm (Fig 15ıı). Seasonal average temperatures are 4 0 C (in winter) and 19 0 C (in summer); precipitation is between 54 mm (in summer) and 135 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 101 mm, respectively (Fig 15ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and mean temperatures and precipitations are obtained as 9,6 0 C, 13,5 0 C, 11,7 0 C, 904, and 1333mm-1098 mm (Table 1).
In Pni-OtLe stands in Ida Mountain,the monthly average minimum temperatures are observed between 2 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 25 mm (in August) and 137 mm (in December) (Fig 16a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 23 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 61 mm (in August) to 174 309 mm (in December) (Fig 16b). Average monthly temperature and precipitation values in Pni-OtLe stands are 4 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July); the precipitation values are 41 mm in August and in 153 mm in December (Fig 16c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Ida Mountain Pni-OtLe dominant stands are between 3 0 C in winter and 17 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 32 mm (in August) and 114 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 77 mm (Fig 16ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 6 0 C and 22 0 C, 67 mm -150 mm, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 115 mm (Fig 16ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer), and precipitation varies between 47 mm (in summer) and 129 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 95 mm, respectively (Fig 16ııı).  (Table 1). It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Pni-Cas stands in Ida Mountain are between 2 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 19 mm (in August) and 130 mm (in December) (Fig 11a). It is observed that mean monthly maximum temperatures range from 6 0 C (in January) to 24 0 C (in July), and average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 63 mm (in August) to 177 mm 310 (in December) (Fig 11b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation indicators in Pni-Cas stands were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July), 40 mm (in August) and 151 mm (in December) (Fig 11c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Pni-Cas stands are between 2 0 C in winter and 17 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 25 mm (in August) and 106 mm (in Winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 71 mm (Fig 11ı). Average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 7 0 C and 23 0 C, 70 mm -153 mm, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 140C and 117 mm (Fig  11ıı). Seasonal average temperatures and precipitation are 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer) respectively; falls between 46 mm (in summer) and 128 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 93 mm, respectively (Fig 11ııı).  Table 1).
The average monthly minimum temperatures in Qu-OtLe stands are between 4 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 22 mm (in August) and 134 mm (in December) (Fig  18a). It is observed that mean monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 24 0 C (in July), and monthly maximum mean precipitation ranges from 32 mm (in August) to 144 mm (in December) (Fig 18b).

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Average monthly temperature and precipitation values in Qu-OtLe stands were obtained as 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July), 27 mm (in August) and 139 mm (in December) (Fig 18c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Qu-OtLe areas are between 5 0 C in winter and 21 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 28 mm (in summer) and 110 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures in spring and autumn and precipitation are around 12 0 C and 77 mm (Fig 18ı). Average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation values are between 6 0 C and 23 0 C, 39 mm -120 mm respectively, and the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 14 0 C and 87 mm (Fig 18ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 5 0 C (in winter) and 22 0 C (in summer), while precipitation is between 33 mm (in summer) and 115 mm (in winter), while the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 81 mm, respectively (Fig 18ııı).  Table 1).
The average monthly minimum temperatures in Qu-Abi areas are between 2 0 C (in January) and 19 0 C (in July), and monthly average minimum precipitation is between 27 mm (in August) and 138 mm (in December) (Fig 19a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 23 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 56 mm (in August) to 169 mm (in December) (Fig 19b). Average monthly temperature and precipitation in Qu-Abi stands are obtained 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July); and 47 mm (in August) and 160 mm (in December) (Fig 19c).

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It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Qu-Abi stands are between 3 0 C in winter and 18 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 33 mm (in August) and 115 mm (in Winter). In addition, spring and autumn average minimum temperatures and precipitation are around 10 0 C and 82 mm (Fig 19ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 5 0 C and 22 0 C, 62 mm -145 mm, respectively, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 110 mm (Fig 19ıı). Seasonal average temperatures and precipitation values range between 4 0 C (in winter) and 19 0 C (in summer), and between 53 mm (in summer) and 136 mm (in winter), respectively. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 101 mm, respectively (Fig 19 ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and average temperature and precipitation values in Qu-Fag stands are 12.5 0 C, 14 0 C, 13.5 0 C; 828, 1019 and 882 mm respectively (Table 1).
It is observed that the average monthly minimum temperatures in Qu-Fag areas are between 4 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 19 mm (in August) and 128 mm (in December) (Fig 20a). While the average monthly maximum temperatures vary between 5 0 C (in January) and 24 0 C (in July); average monthly maximum precipitation values change from 34 mm (in August) to 146 mm (in December) (Fig 20b). Average monthly temperature and precipitation values in Qu-Fag association areas in Ida Mountain were obtained as 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July), 23 mm (in August) and 134 mm (in December) (Fig 20c).

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It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Qu-Fag stands are between 5 0 C in winter and 21 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 25 mm (in August) and 106 mm (in Winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 74 mm (Fig 20ı). Average maximum winter and summer temperatures are between 6 0 C and 23 0 C, 40 mm -122 mm, spring and autumn average maximum temperature and precipitation values are around 14 0 C and 88 mm (Fig 20ıı). Seasonal average temperatures and precipitation values range between 6 0 C (in winter) and 22 0 C (in summer) and between 30 mm (in summer) and 110 mm (in winter), respectively. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 77 mm, respectively (Fig 20ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures and precipitation in Qu-Cas areas are 10.9 0 C, 13.7 0 C and 12.8 0 C and 878 mm, 1191 mm and 977 mm, respectively (Table 1).
In the Qu-Cas stands in Ida Mountain, monthly average minimum temperatures are between 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July), and monthly average minimum precipitation values are between 22 mm (in August) and 134 mm (in December) (Fig 21a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 24 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation varies from 48 mm (in August) to 161 mm (in December)in Qu-Cas stands (Fig 21b). Average monthly temperatures in Qu-Cas areas range from 4 0 C (in January) to 22 0 C (in July), and precipitation ranges from 31 mm (in August) to 142 mm (in December) (Fig 21c).
Seasonal mean minimum temperatures in Qu-Cas areas are between 4 0 C in winter and 19 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 29 mm (summer) and 111 mm (winter). In addition, minimum mean temperatures 314 and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 77 mm (Fig 21ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures are between 6 0 C and 23 0 C, 54 mm -137 mm, and the spring and autumn average maximum temperature and precipitation are around 14 0 C and 103 mm (Fig 21ıı). Seasonal mean temperatures range between 5 0 C (in winter) and 21 0 C (in summer) and precipitation values are between 37 mm (in summer) and 119 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 85 mm, respectively (Fig 21ııı).  (Table 1). It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Qu-Pni stands of Ida Mountain are between 2 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and monthly average minimum precipitation is between 18 mm (in August) and 128 mm (in December) (Fig 22a). It is observed that monthly maximum mean temperatures range from 6 0 C (in January) to 24 0 C (in July) and monthly maximum mean precipitation ranges from 65 mm (in August) to 178 mm (in December) (Fig 22b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation in Pinus nigra-Maquis (Pni-Ma) stands were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in July); 34 mm (in August) and 146 mm (in December) (Fig 22c).
It is observed that seasonal minimum mean temperatures and precipitation in Qu-Pni stands are 2 0 C in winter and 17 0 C in summer, and 24 mm (in August) and 105 mm (in winter). In addition, the minimum mean temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 71 mm (Fig 22ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are 6 0 C to 23 0 C, 71 mm -154 mm respectively, while the spring and 315 autumn average maximum temperature and precipitation are around 14 0 C and 120 mm (Fig 22ii). Seasonal average temperatures range between 5 0 C (in winter) and 21 0 C (in summer), and rains between 40 mm (in summer) and 122 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 88 mm, respectively (Fig 22ııı).  (Table 1).
It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Abi-Fag stands are between 1 0 C (in January) and 17 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 51 mm (in August) and 164 mm (in December) (Fig 23a). Monthly maximum mean temperatures and precipitation are between 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July); and 68 mm (in August) and 180 mm (in December), respectively (Fig 23b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation values in Abi-Fag dominated areas were obtained as 2 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), 61 mm (in August) and 174 mm (in December) (Fig 23c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Abi-Fag areas are between 2 0 C in winter and 16 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 58 mm (in August) and 140 mm (in Winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 9 0 C and 105 mm (Fig 23ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures are between 3 0 C and 19 0 C, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 122 mm (Fig 23ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 2 0 C (in winter) and 17 0 C (in summer), and rainfalls change from 68 mm (in summer) and 150 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 116 mm, respectively (Fig 23ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and mean temperatures and precipitation in the Abi-Pni stands are 8 0 C, 12 0 C and 9.9 0 C; 1077, 1518 and 1297 mm respectively (Table 1).

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It is observed that the monthly minimum mean temperatures in Abi-Pni areas are between 1 0 C (in January) and 17 0 C (in July), and the monthly mean minimum precipitation is between 39 mm (in August) and 152 mm (in December) (Fig 24a). It is observed that the monthly maximum mean temperatures range from 4 0 C (in January) to 21 0 C (in July), and the mean monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 75 mm (in August) to 189 mm (in December) (Fig  24b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation values in Abies -Pinus nigra (Abi-Pni) dominant stands were obtained as 2 0 C (in January) to 19 0 C (in July), and 57 mm (in August) to 170 mm (in December) (Fig 24c).
It is observed that seasonal minimum mean temperatures in Abi-Pni dominant stands are between 1 0 C in winter and 16 0 C in summer, and minimum mean precipitation is between 45 mm (in August) and 128 mm (in Winter). In addition, the minimum mean temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 9 0 C and 94 mm (Fig  24i). While the mean maximum winter and summer temperature and precipitation are 4 0 C to 21 0 C, 165 mm-82 mm respectively, the spring and autumn maximum mean temperature and precipitation are around 13 0 C and 130 mm (Fig 24ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 3 0 C (in winter) and 18 0 C (in summer), and precipitation ranges between 63 mm (in summer) and 146 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 112 mm, respectively (Fig 24ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures in the Fag-Cas stands are 9,2 0 C, 13,6 0 C and 11,9 0 C and annual minimum, maximum and average precipitation are 900 mm, 1379 mm and 1076 mm, respectively (Table 1).

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Monthly minimum mean temperatures in Fag-Cas in Ida Mountain are between 2 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and monthly minimum mean precipitation is between 24 mm (in August) and 135 mm (in December) (Fig 25a). Mean monthly maximum temperatures are between 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July) and precipitation values are between 64 mm (and precipitation August) and 177 mm (and precipitation December) (Fig 25b). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation indicators in Fag-Cas stands in Ida Mountain were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July), 39 mm (in August) and 151 mm (in December) (Fig 25c).
It is observed that seasonal minimum mean temperatures in Fag-Cas stands in Ida Mountain are between 2 0 C in winter and 17 0 C in summer, and minimum mean precipitation is between 30 mm (in August) and 112 mm (in Winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 77 mm (Fig 25ı). The maximum winter and summer mean temperature and precipitation values are 6 0 C to 22 0 C, 70mm -153mm respectively, while the spring and autumn maximum mean temperature and precipitation are around 13 0 C and 119mm (Fig 25ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer), and precipitation between 45 mm (in summer) and 127 mm (in winter). In addition, the mean temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 93 mm, respectively (Fig 25ııı).

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The monthly minimum mean temperatures in Ida Mountain Fag-Pni stands are between 1 0 C (in January) and 18 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 23 mm (in August) and 134 mm (in December) (Fig 26a). It is observed that the mean monthly maximum temperatures vary between 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 67 mm (in August) to 180 mm (in December) (Fig 26b). Mean monthly temperature and precipitation values in Mt. Ida, Fag-Pni stands were obtained as 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July), 46 mm (in August) and 158 mm (in December) (Fig 26c).
It is observed that seasonal minimum mean temperatures in Fag-Pni areas in Mt. Ida are between 2 0 C in winter and 17 0 C in summer, and mean minimum precipitation is between 29 mm (in August) and 110 mm (in Winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 9 0 C and 78 mm (Fig  26ı). The mean maximum winter and summer temperature and precipitation values are between 6 0 C and 22 0 C, and in the range of 74 mm -157 mm respectively, while the spring and autumn maximum mean temperature and precipitation are around 13 0 C and 122 mm (Fig 26ıı). Seasonal mean temperatures and precipitation range between 4 0 C (in winter) and 19 0 C (in summer), and between 53 mm (in summer) and 135 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 100 mm, respectively (Fig 26ııı). The annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures in Fag-Abi stands were 8.7 0 C, 13.4 0 C and 9.8 0 C, and annual minimum, maximum and average precipitation were 922 mm, 1429 mm and 1313 mm, respectively (Table  1).

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The average monthly minimum temperatures in Fag-Abi stands are between 1 0 C (in January) and 17 0 C (in July), and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 26 mm (in August) and 138 mm (in December) (Fig 27a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 23 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 68 mm (in August) to 181 mm (in December) (Fig 27b).
Monthly mean temperature and precipitation indicators in Mt. Ida Fag-Abi stands were obtained as 2 0 C (in January) and 19 0 C (in July), 58 mm (in August) and 171 mm (in December) (Fig 27c).
In Mt. Ida Fag-Abi areas, it is seen that seasonal average minimum temperatures are between 2 0 C in winter and 16 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 32 mm (in August) and 115 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 9 0 C and 80 mm (Fig 27ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 6 0 C and 22 0 C and 75 mm-157 mm, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 123 mm (Fig 27ıı). Seasonal average temperatures are 8 0 C (in winter) and 18 0 C (in summer); precipitation is between 65 mm (in summer) and 147 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 112 mm, respectively (Fig 27ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures of Cas-Fag are 10,4 0 C, 12,9 0 C and 12,9 0 C, and annual minimum, maximum and average precipitation are 945 mm, 1231 mm and 1055 mm, respectively (Table 1). Monthly minimum mean temperatures in Kazdağı, Cas-Fag stands are between 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July), and monthly average minimum precipitation is in the range of 29 mm (in August) and 139 mm (in December) (Fig  28a). It is observed that monthly maximum mean temperatures vary between 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July), and average monthly maximum precipitation varies between 52 mm (in August) and 163 mm (in December) ( 321 28b). The monthly mean temperature and precipitation in the Cas-Fag areas in Mt. Ida were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July), 38 mm (in August) and 148 mm (in December) (Fig 28c).
The seasonal mean minimum temperatures in the Cas-Fag dominated areas of Mt. Ida are between 3 0 C in winter and 19 0 C in summer, and the average minimum precipitation is between 35 mm (in August) and 116 mm (in winter). In addition, the minimum mean temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 5 0 C and 22 mm (Fig  28ı). The maximum winter and summer mean temperatures and precipitation are between 5 0 C and 22 0 C and 59 mm -140 mm, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 106 mm (Fig 28ıı). Seasonal mean temperatures range between 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer), and the relevant precipitation values are between 44 mm (in summer) and 125 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 92 mm, respectively (Fig 28ııı). Annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures are 10,1 0 C, 13,3 0 C and 11,8 0 C, annual minimum, maximum and average precipitation in Cas-Pni areas are 923, 1285 and 1087 mm, respectively (Table 1).
It is observed that the monthly minimum mean temperatures are between 2 0 C (in January) and 19 0 C (in July) and monthly average minimum precipitation is between 26 mm (in August) and 138 mm (in December) in the Cas-Pni areas (Fig 29a). It is observed that the mean monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 23 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 56 mm (in August) to 169 mm (in 322 December) (Fig 29b). Mean monthly temperature and precipitation values in the Cas-Pni stands of Mt. Ida were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July), 40 mm (in August) and 152 mm (in December) (Fig 29c).
It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in Cas-Pni stands are between 3 0 C in winter and 18 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 32 mm (in August) and 114 mm (in Winter). In addition, spring and autumn average minimum temperatures and precipitation are around 10 0 C and 80 mm (Fig 29ı). While the mean maximum winter and summer temperature values are 6 0 C to 22 0 C, and the maximum mean temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are approximately 13 0 C and 110 mm (Fig 29ıı). Seasonal average temperatures range between 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer), and rains between 46 mm (in summer) and 129 mm (in winter), respectively. In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 94 mm, respectively (Fig 29ııı).  (Table 1).
It is observed that the monthly average minimum temperatures in Cas-Qu dominant areas in Mt. Ida are between 3 0 C (in January) and 20 0 C (in July) and the monthly average minimum precipitation is between 22 mm (in August) and 134 mm (in December) (Fig 30a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 5 0 C (in January) to 24 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 52 mm (in August) to 165 mm (in December) (Fig 30b). Mean monthly temperature and precipitation in the Cas-Qu areas of Mt. Ida were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 22 0 C (in July), 36 mm (in August) and 148 mm (in December) (Fig 30c).

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It is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures in the Cas-Qu areas of Mt. Ida are between 3 0 C in winter and 19 0 C in summer, and average minimum precipitation is between 29 mm (in August) and 110 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 78 mm (Fig 30ı). The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 6 0 C and 23 0 C, 58 mm-141 mm, respectively, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are approximately 13 0 C and 106 mm (Fig 30ıı). Seasonal mean temperatures range between 5 0 C (in winter) and 21 0 C (in summer), and precipitation values are between 42 mm (in summer) and 124 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 90 mm, respectively (Fig 30ııı). The annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures and precipitations in the OtLe-Pni areas were 9,8 0 C, 12,7 0 C and 11,3 0 C; and 982 mm, 1298 and 1134 mm, respectively ( Table 1). The monthly minimum mean temperatures in Mt. Ida, OtLe-Pni stands are between 2 0 C (in January) and 19 0 C (in July), and monthly minimum mean precipitation is between 31 mm (in August) and 142 mm (in December) (Fig  31a). It is observed that the average monthly maximum temperatures range from 4 0 C (in January) to 22 0 C (in July), and the average monthly maximum precipitation ranges from 57 mm (in August) to 169 mm (in December) (Fig  31b). Mean monthly temperature and precipitation in OtLe-Pni stands in Mt. Ida were obtained as 3 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July), 44 mm (in August) and 155 mm (in December) (Fig 31c).
It is observed that seasonal minimum mean temperatures in OtLe-Pni areas in Mt. Ida are between 3 0 C in winter and 18 0 C in summer, and mean minimum precipitation is between 38 mm (in August) and 119 mm (in winter). In addition, spring and autumn average minimum temperatures and precipitation are around 10 0 C and 85 mm (Fig 31i).

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The average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 5 0 C and 21 0 C, and 64 mm and 146 mm respectively, while the spring and autumn average maximum temperature and precipitation are around 12 0 C and 112 mm (Fig 31ıı). Seasonal average temperatures are 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer) and the seasonal mean precipitation values are between 51 mm (in summer) and 132 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 11 0 C and 100 mm, respectively (Fig 31ııı). The annual minimum, maximum and average temperatures in Fag-Qu stands were 10.2 0 C, 13.6 0 C and 11.8 0 C respectively, and 889 mm, 1269 mm and 1096 mm, respectively (Table 1).
In Fag-Qu stands, monthly average minimum temperatures are between 2 0 C (in January) and 19 0 C (in July), and monthly average minimum precipitation is between 23 mm (in August) and 135 mm (in December) (Fig 32a). It is observed that average monthly maximum temperatures vary between 5 0 C (in January) and 23 0 C (in July), and average monthly maximum precipitation varies between 54 mm (in August) and 168 mm (in December) (Fig 32b).
Average monthly temperature and precipitation in Fag-Qu stands of Mt. Ida were obtained as 4 0 C (in January) and 21 0 C (in July), 40 mm (in August) and 153 mm (in December) (Fig 32c).

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In Fag-Qu stands of Ida Mountain, it is observed that seasonal average minimum temperatures are between 3 0 C in winter and 18 0 C in summer, and the average minimum precipitation is between 30 mm (in August) and 112 mm (in winter). In addition, the average minimum temperatures and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 10 0 C and 78 mm (Fig 32ı). Average maximum winter and summer temperatures and precipitation are between 6 0 C and 22 0 C, 61 mm -144 mm respectively, while the average maximum temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 13 0 C and 107 mm (Fig 32ıı). Seasonal mean temperatures vary between 4 0 C (in winter) and 20 0 C (in summer), and the seasonal mean precipitation changes between 46 mm (in summer) and 129 mm (in winter). In addition, the average temperature and precipitation in spring and autumn are around 12 0 C and 94 mm, respectively (Fig 32ııı).

Conclusion:-
In this study, the annual, monthly and the seasonal minimum, maximum and average temperature and precipitation values of pure dispersed tree species and dominant associations/stands in the natural forest area of Ida Mountain were obtained through Geographical Information Systems' query and analysis by basic modeling method. In this part, the status of annual, monthly and seasonal average temperature and precipitation values in pure dispersed tree communities and union areas are evaluated respectively.
The lowest annual average temperature preferences in Kazdağı pure spreading tree genus are Abies with 10 0 C, Pinus nigra with 11.7 0 C, Fagus with 9.9 0 C, and Castanea with 12.2 0 C. It is observed that these tree species show similarities in annual average precipitation values. The tree genus having the highest annual mean precipitation is Abies with 1286 mm, Fagus with 1301 mm, Pinus nigra with 1092 mm and Castanea with 1043 mm. The highest annual average temperature preferences in Ida Mountain pure spreading tree communities were obtained as Pinus brutia with 14.1 0 C, other leafed tree group with 14.2 0 C and Pinus pinea with 14.5 0 C. These species are similar in annual mean precipitation preferences.
The tree species with the lowest annual average rainfall in pure dispersed groups were obtained as Pinus brutia with 833 mm, Pinus pinea with 814 mm and the stands of other leafed trees with 773 mm. The stands with the lowest annual average temperature preference and the ones with the highest average annual precipitation preference show similarity. Indeed, Pni-Abi stands have an annual mean temperature of 9,7 0 C, Abi-Fag stands have 9,4 0 C, Abi-Pni stands, 9,9 0 C, and Fag-Abi stands have the preferences of temperature 9,8 0 C. It is observed that the annual mean rainfall preferences of these associations are also the highest. Indeed, the stands of Pni-Abi, Abi-Fag, Abi-Pni and the Fag-Abi stands have an annual mean rainfall of 1323 mm, 1350 mm, 1297 mm, and 1313 mm, respectively. According to the minimum mean temperature values obtained for January, Pinus nigra pure stands have an average minimum temperature of 0. With this study, minimum, maximum and average temperature and precipitation values for the main tree species and dominant associations of the Forest of Ida Mountain were determined. These monthly, seasonal and annual climatological values are expected to contribute to the related researches to be carried out with different modeling methods and to next ecological researches for the forests of Ida Mountain.