ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OT PTP ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OT ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE SUCTIONING AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

A Quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PTP on knowledge and practices of endotracheal suctioning among (46) nursing students posted in intensive care units with purposive sampling techniques. The objectives of the study were to assess the existing knowledge and practice of endotracheal tube suctioning, to evaluate effectiveness of PTP, to find association of pretest knowledge and practice score with selected variables. The major findings revealed that mean post knowledge score was higher than pre-test knowledge t value i.e. 2nd yearGNM had 12.2, 3rd year GNM had 12.1, and basic BSc had 7.8.With regards to practice, the pre-test and post-test analysis revealed that the mean post practice score was higher than pre-test t- value i.e. 2nd year GNM 16.8, 3rd year GNM 12.9, 2nd Basic BSc 10.2. Thus, the paired t- test result showed significant gain in knowledge (p<0.05)Statistical analysis using ANOVA test reveals that no demographic variable have significant association with pre-test knowledge and practice among nursing students regarding Endotracheal tube suctioning .Thus the study proved, planned teaching programme on knowledge and practice of Endotracheal tube suctioning was scientific, logical and effective strategy.

A Quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PTP on knowledge and practices of endotracheal suctioning among (46) nursing students posted in intensive care units with purposive sampling techniques. The objectives of the study were to assess the existing knowledge and practice of endotracheal tube suctioning, to evaluate effectiveness of PTP, to find association of pretest knowledge and practice score with selected variables. The major findings revealed that mean post knowledge score was higher than pre-test knowledge t value i.e. 2nd yearGNM had 12.2, 3rd year GNM had 12.1, and basic BSc had 7.8.With regards to practice, the pre-test and post-test analysis revealed that the mean post practice score was higher than pre-test tvalue i.e. 2nd year GNM 16.8, 3rd year GNM 12.9, 2nd Basic BSc 10.2. Thus, the paired t-test result showed significant gain in knowledge (p<0.05)Statistical analysis using ANOVA test reveals that no demographic variable have significant association with pre-test knowledge and practice among nursing students regarding Endotracheal tube suctioning .Thus the study proved, planned teaching programme on knowledge and practice of Endotracheal tube suctioning was scientific, logical and effective strategy.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-
Respiration is a basic human need that man tends to ignore unless they feel some difficulty in breathing. Respiration is a physiological function that is almost synonymous with being alive. Approximately 1.5 million persons receives mechanical ventilation annually in the United States, of these up to 25% requires prolonged mechanical ventilation. Where as in India there is no clear picture of incidence of mechanical ventilated clients.
Patient experiences difficulty in breathing as a threat to life itself. Patent airway is very essential for effective breathing. Airway patency is usually maintained by action of the mucocilliary system when normal amount of mucus is produced when airway clearance cannot be accomplished via involuntary physiological mechanism the collaborative nursing intervention is needed such as endotracheal tube suctioning to achieve optimal patient outcomes.

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Endotracheal tube suctioning helps in maintaining patent airway by removing tracheobronchial secretions using sterile technique, it improves oxygenation and reduce work of breathing by preventing complications like hypoxia, cardiac Dysrhythmia's, mucosal damage

Problem Statement:
A study to assess the effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on knowledge and practices of endotracheal tube suctioning among nursing students posted in intensive care units in selected hospital Objectives:-1. To assess the existing knowledge and practice of endotracheal tube suctioning among nursing students posted in intensive care units. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and practice of endotracheal tube suctioning among nursing students. 3. To find out the association of pre-test knowledge and practice score with selected demographic variables.

Assumptions:
The study assumethat:-1. Nursing students may have some amount of knowledge regarding endotracheal tube suctioning. 2. Nursing students may have improper practice regarding endotracheal tube suctioning. 3. Effective planned teaching programme may improve the knowledge and practice of ETS of nursing students posted in intensive care units.

Hypothesis:
H1: There will be significant change in post-test knowledge and practice score after implementation of planned teaching programme. H2: There will be significant association between knowledge and practices of nursing students with demographic variables Methodology:-

Research approach:
Quantitative evaluative approach

Research design:
Quazi experimental, One group, pre-test post-test.

Setting of the study:
Intensive care units of selected Hospitals.

Research variables:
Dependent variables: In the present study, independent variable was knowledge and practice endotracheal tube suctioning.
Independent variables: In present study, dependent variables were Planned teaching programme regarding endotracheal tube suctioning..

Demographic variables:
This included age, gender, duration of hospitalization, Previous knowledge about disease condition.

Target Population:
The target population is aggregate of cases about which the researcher would like to generalize.

Accessible Population:
The accessible population for this study were the subjects students posted in ICUs of selected Hospital.

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Sample Size: The sample size of the present study was 46 subjects with intercostal drainage.

Sampling Technique:
In this study purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the subjects. Purposive sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique where subjects were chosen to be part of the sample with a specific purpose in mind and according to the study objectives.

Criteria for Samples Selection: Inclusion Criteria:
Subjects who Students who were posted in intensive care units.

Exclusion Criteria:
Those who were not willing to participate Students who were absent at the time of planned teaching programme.

Description of Tool: Part I:
Socio demographic variables.
It deals with Sociodemographic data on different variables such as type of course, previous posting in ICU, and previous experience of ETS.

Part II:
It consists of 30 items on structured knowledge questionnaire regarding Anatomy of trachea, knowledge of ETS, knowledge of ETS procedure. Each item has four options with one most appropriate answer. The maximum score for the correct response to each item was one and for wrong answer the score was zero. Thus for 30 items, the maximum obtainable score was 30.Area of knowledge score were: Part 1: structured questionnaire related to Anatomy and physiology Part 2: Structured questionnaire related to knowledge of ETS

Part III:
Structured questionnaire related to procedure of ETS 1. Anatomy of trachea 6 MCQ question 2.
Knowledge of ETS procedure 13 MCQ question Total items 30.

Reliability:
The tool is developed and used for data was a structured knowledge questionnaire to assess knowledge, and observational checklist to assess the practice. The content validity of the tool was established by 10 experts. The tool was found to be reliable and feasible. The reliability of the tool was high that is (knowledge was r= 0.83 and practice was r= 0.81).

Data collection procedure:
A formal written permission was obtained from the authorities of selected hospital. The final study was conducted from 23rdnov 2015 to 23rddec2015.Actual data collection was done on 46 nursing students meeting the criteria for the study.
Schedule for data collection: 1. From 23 -28. 11. 2015,8 subject's practice of ETS was assessed every day using observational checklist. 2. Then approached the subjects, informed them regarding the objectives of the study and obtained the consent after assuring the subjects about the confidentiality of the data.

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3. Whole group on 30thNovember 2015 pre-test was administered a self-structured tool prepared by the investigator. After pre-test, planned teaching programme followed with demonstration of ETS by dividing the subjects. 4. On 7th day after pre-test i.e. on 7th December 2015 post-test was given followed with their practice was assessed from 8th -20th December 2015. 5. The data was analysed by statistical tests.

Plan for data analysis:
In data analysis was planned to include descriptive and inferential statistics. The following plan of data analysis was made with the opinion of experts. The analysis was done based on the objectives and hypothesis.

Descriptive statistics:
Frequency and percentage distribution were used to analyse the demographic data and level of knowledge of nursing students in selected hospital.

Inferential statistics:
Paired t' test was used to assess the effectiveness of PTP on knowledge and practice regarding ETS among nursing students posted in ICUs.
ANOVA test was used to find out the association of pre-test knowledge and practice score with selected demographic variables and finding were documented in tables, graphs, and diagrams.

Results:-
Section I: frequency distribution of subjects with regard to demographic variables This section deals with percentage wise distribution of subjects according to their demographic variables. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw the subjects who were nursing students posted in ICUS.The data obtained to describe the sample characters including type of course, previous posting in ICU, and previous experience of ETS.

Graph No. 2:-
Above,cylinder bar diagram shows that majority of the subjects i.e. 20(100%) belongs to 3 rd year GNM, 10(66 %) belongs to 2 nd year GNM, 6(54.5 %) belongs to 2 nd year basic BSc nursing students which were previously posted in ICU. Section II: Pre-test score of knowledge and practice of ets among nursing students posted in icu   Corresponding P values were 0.0001, which were small (less than 0.05).For each knowledge section hence post-test values were greater than the pre-test value in course wise comparison. Thus, PTP proved to be significantly effective in improving the knowledge of nursing students regarding ETS.   Section V: Association between the pre-test knowledge and practice score with selected demographic variables.

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Association between pre-test knowledge score and practice score regarding ETS with demographic variables was assessed using ANOVA test.