A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF GUJARAT AND PUNJAB: ANALYSIS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES

This paper sheds light on the significant role of the states in the development of the whole country. There has been a considerable physical-infrastructural transformation noticed over last few years. Also economic productivity has contributed value across different sectors. This research paper tries to highlight the contribution of Punjab and Gujarat. The research uses an examination of health, educational, economic, and social indicators to study the growth and development in these states. Lastly the research compares the level of growth and development between both states. This table compares Physical Infrastructure in Gujarat and Punjab. Parameters of drawing this comparison are installed power capacity, internet subscribers, national highway length, number of PPP projects, number of airports, and notified SEZs. It shows that Installed power capacity as of February 2020, for Gujarat is 35,013.11 MW and Punjab is 14,205.42. The number of wireless subscribers till December 2019 is 67.44 Million and 39.1 Million for Gujarat and Punjab respectively.


Punjab: An Overview:
The rich and beneficial land is a great asset to Punjab growth. The conjunction of five streams makes Punjab's agrarian land rich and profitable. Roughly 82 percent of the state's territory is under cultivation in contrast to national level with an average of 40 percent. Punjab is one of the biggest wheat and rice producers in India. It is likewise a main exporter of rice, including the notable Basmati assortment.
Punjab offers ventures with a wide scope of financial and approach motivations under the Industrial and Business Development Policy, 2017. So as to improve the current trimming design and rebuild the motivating forces, the state government presented Agriculture Policy for Punjab 2013.   The table shows the Gross State value added for primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of Punjab. The tertiary sector has been the growing sector among all with CAGR of 10.01 percent between and 2011-12 and 2019-20. It is also the largest contributor to the Punjab state economy in the financial year 2019-2020 with 46.71% share in the state's GSVA. The growth is first and foremost driven by transport, communications, real-estate, public administration, financial services, insurance, and other services.
The primary sector contributed 28.39% to Punjab's GSVA in 2019-20 and grew at 8.01% CAGR between 2011-12 and 2019-20. Lastly, secondary sector has grown up at 8.86 % CAGR in the same period and contributed 24.90 % in the financial year 2019-20.    The state gives speculation openings in areas, for example, materials, agro-based  ventures, IT and ITeS, car and auto segments, sports merchandise and light building products. Punjab has well-built infrastructure facilities. Punjab has an all around created a sound social and industrial infrastructure. Its transport network system is truly outstanding in India, with a quick and easy access to key markets of Delhi-National Capital Region area.

Gujarat: An Overview:
Gujarat state is one of the strongest port infrastructures in India.  Gujarat has achieved the distinction of being one of the most industrially developed states. Per capita GSDP of state is US$ 2,654 whereas of whole country is 17,503. The state government has framed policies in almost all key sectors such as industry, power, ports, roads, agriculture & minerals. The Gujarat Garment & Apparel policy was announced in October 2017 with the aim of creating 100,000 jobs in the state. Gujarat, with highest installed solar capacity, plans to announce new net metering policy providing financial support to solar power generating households. Gujarat has a perfect mix of rich labor pool and good infrastructural facilities. Gujarat has a good educational infrastructure with premier institutes in management, fashion, design, infrastructure planning & pharmaceuticals. There are industrial training institutes in each district to train manpower for the shop floor level.  The above stated data highlights the compounded annual growth of Primary, secondary, and tertiary sector. It highlights that primary sector has increased at a CAGR of 11.18 percent between 2011-12 and 2017-18. With CAGR of 14.84%, secondary sector has been the fastest growing sector, during 2011-12 and 2017-18. The main increase in secondary sector has been majorly driven by increase of manufacturing, construction and electricity, and gas and water supply industries. Lastly, tertiary sector has shown the increase CAGR 12.78% between 2011-12 and 2017-18. The trade, hotels, real-estate, finance, insurance, transport, communications and other services sectors mainly drives the tertiary sector.  This table highlights the health Index of the states for financial year 2017-18. It shows that the health index for Gujarat is 63.5 stands at 4 th rank and in case of Punjab health Index is 63.0 ranks at fifth number. The Human Development Index for Gujarat is 0.672 which ranks the state at 21 st number whereas the HDI for Punjab is 0.723 which ranks the state at 9 th number in the country.

NSDP per capita:
Net state domestic product (NSDP) is the state counterpart to a country's Net domestic product (NDP), which equals the gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation on a country's capital goods.

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita
The   From above figure it is observed that there is a constant rise in the per capita amount of the states. But the amount of the NSDP for Gujarat is higher than Punjab indicating that NSDP per capita income of Gujarat is more than Punjab. It is seen that linear trend line has been drawn in the figure. The linear trend line shows the behaviour of the stated data if there exists a certain pattern in the data set or not. The linear trend line shows the NSDP for both states is showing an upward rising trend. It is a good sign of growth of states.

Nominal GSDP from 2011-12 to 2020-21:
GSDP is the sum of all value added by industries within each state or union territory and serves as a counterpart to the national gross domestic product. The following table shows the annual growth in nominal GSDP for the financial years 2011-12 to 2020-21.  -12  2012-13  2013-14  2014-15  2015-16  2016-17  2017-18  2018-19  Gujarat  87,481  1,02,826  1,13,139  1,27,017  1,39,254  1,56,295  1,73,079  1,97,447  Punjab  85,577  94,318  1,03,381  1,08,970  1,18,558  1,28,780  1,42,477  1,54,996  1072   The above table shows the annual growth in nominal GSDP for the 2011-12 to 2020-21. The figures are represented in Crore i.e. units of 10 million of Indian rupees at current prices. In India, the growth rate in GDP measures the change in the seasonally adjusted value of the goods and services produced by the Indian economy during the quarter. India is the world's tenth largest economy and the second most populous. The graph shows that there is an upward rising trend noticed in the nominal gross state domestic product in both states. The rise in GSDP is less in Punjab as compare to Gujarat. The difference between the growths of Gujarat and Punjab is significantly noticed. Gujarat has higher GSDP worth than Punjab. Further the trend line indicates that there is a gradual rise in the GSDP of the states from 2011-2020. whereas Punjab has export amounts to US$6.03 billion. 17. The amount of the NSDP for Gujarat is higher than Punjab indicating that NSDP per capita income of Gujarat is more than Punjab. The linear trend line shows the NSDP for both states is showing an upward rising trend. It is a good sign of growth of states. There is a constant rise in the per capita amount of the states. 18. There is an upward rising trend in nominal gross state domestic product in both states although the rise in GSDP is more in Gujarat as compare Punjab. The trend line indicates that there is a positive rising pattern in the GSDP of the states from 2011-2020.

Conclusion:-
The discussion of the present study shows that contribution GSDP of Gujarat is more than Punjab. This study has highlighted that Gujarat has better Physical and Industrial Infrastructure development than Punjab. The educational indicators suggest literacy rate in Gujarat is 78.03% and 76.7% in Punjab. Also the Gross Enrolment Ratio in Schools of Gujarat state is 94.6% and 95.7% in Punjab. The health index results show that HI for Gujarat is 63.5 and Punjab is 63.0 which are almost comparable. But Human Development Index represents that Punjab is in a better position than Gujarat. The FDI equity inflows since over last twenty years, for Gujarat is 24 billion and Punjab is 2.15 Billions and Gujarat has attracted more investment intentions than Punjab Government received in financial year 2019. The examination of NSDP suggests that NSDP per capita income of Gujarat is more than Punjab which is supported by a linear trend showing the NSDP for both states is showing an upward rising trend.
There is a constant rise in the per capita amount of the states. There is an upward rising trend in gross state domestic product of both states although the quantum of GSDP is more in Gujarat as compare to Punjab.
It has been concluded that the contribution of both states to the overall development of the nation is significant. It can be said that Gujarat has better NSDP, GSDP, per capita income, far more improved infrastructural facilities. But the contribution of Punjab can't be ignored as it has higher human development index, educational indicators and contribution in various sector in which no other state can beat Punjab. All states are imperative part of the India. States must work in a positive and appropriate direction for the strengthening the position of whole nation at global level.