PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF A SIDDHA POLY HERBAL FORMULATION NELLIKKAI LEGIYAM

in terms of their chemical and biological properties. There should be some basic standards as well as methods of preparation for assessing the quality of the finished product. This medicine has been evaluated for organoleptic characters, phytochemical evaluation and physicochemical properties. 0.080, 14.4 1.153, 8.183 0.56 respectively. All the secondary metabolites present in the nellikkai legiyam are responsible for its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hematinic actions.

Step 2: The decoction is added with Nattu sarkarai and boiled until it reaches kambi patham.
Step 3: The paagu is added with other powdered drugs and stirred till it attains legiyam patham.
Step 4: Finally add cow's ghee and honey.

Dose:
½ thola(6g) bd with Hot water Analytical Study: Organoleptic characters, preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical evaluation, were done by following the standard procedure in Noble Research solutions, Perambur, Chennai and the biochemical analysis were done in National institute of Siddha, Chennai.

Biochemical Analysis Of Trial Drug: Test for silicate:
A little sample was shaken well with distilled water and then with con.HCL/con.H2SO4, insoluble indicated the absence of silicates.

Test for Carbonate:
A small amount of the sample was taken in a dry test tube and heated gently at first and then strongly, formation of white fumes indicated the presence of carbonate.
Test for Sulphate: 2 ml of the extract was taken in a test tube add 2ml of 4% Ammonium Oxalate solution, formation of cloudy appearance indicated the presence of sulphate.
Test for Chloride: 2ml of the extract was treated with 2ml of dilute HNO 3 , until the effervescence ceases off. Then 2ml of silver nitrate was added, no formation of cloudy appearance indicated the absence of chloride.

Test for Amino acid:
2drops of the extract was placed on a filter paper and dried well.No violet colour was developed, indicating the absence of Amino acid.

Preliminary phytochemical tests: (4) Test for alkaloids: (Mayer's Test)
To the test sample, 2ml of Mayer's reagent was added, a dull white precipitate revealed the presence of alkaloids.

Test for coumarins:
To the test sample, 1 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide was added. The presence of coumarins was indicated by the formation of yellow color.

Test for saponins:
To the test sample, 5 ml of water was added and the tube was shaken vigorously. Copiouslather formation indicates the presence of Saponins.

Test for tannins:
To the test sample, ferric chloride was added, formation of a dark blue or greenwash black color showed the presence of tannins.

Test for glycosides (Borntrager's Test)
Test drug was hydrolysed with concentrated hydrochloric acid for 2 hours on a water bath, filtered and the hydrolysate was subjected to the following tests. To 2 ml of filtered hydrolysate, 3 ml of chloroform was added and shaken, chloroform layer was separated and 10% ammonia solution was added to it. Pink colour indicates presence of glycosides.

Test for flavonoids:
To the test sample about 5 ml of dilute ammonia solution where been added followed by addition of few drops of conc. Sulfuric acid. Appearance of yellow color indicates the presence of Flavonoids.

Test for phenols (Lead acetate test)
To the test sample; 3 ml of 10% lead acetate solution was added. A bulky white precipitate indicated the presence of phenolic compounds.

Test for steroids:
To the test sample, 2ml of chloroform was added with few drops of conc. Sulphuric acid (3ml), and shaken well. The upper layer in the test tube was turns into red and sulphuric acid layer showed yellow with green fluorescence. It showed the presence of steroids.

Triterpenoids: Liebermann-Burchard test:
To the chloroform solution, few drops of acetic anhydride was added then mixed well. 1 ml concentrated sulphuric acid was added from the sides of the test tube, appearance of red ring indicates the presence of triterpenoids.

Test for Cyanins Anthocyanin:
To the test sample, 1 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide was added and heated for 5 min at 100ᵒC. Formation of bluish green colour indicates the presence of anthocyanin.

Test for Carbohydrates (Benedict's test):
To the test sample about 0.5 ml of Benedict's reagent was added. The mixture is heated on a boiling water bath for 2 minutes. A characteristic coloured precipitate indicates the presence of sugar. 776

Proteins (Biuret Test):
To extracts 1% solution of copper sulphate was added followed by 5% solution of sodium hydroxide, formation of violet purple colour indicates the presence of proteins.

Physicochemical evaluation: (5,6) Determination of Loss on Drying:
Test drug was accurately weighed in evaporating dish. The sample was dried at 105 o C for 5 hours and then weighed.

Determination of Total Ash:
Test drug was accurately weighed in silica dish and incinerated at the furnace a temperature 400 ºC until it turns white in color which indicates absence of carbon. Percentage of total ash will be calculated with reference to the weight of air-dried drug.

Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash:
The ash obtained by total ash test was boiled with 25 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid for 6mins. Then the insoluble matter was collected in crucible and washed with hot water and ignited to constant weight. Percentage of acid insoluble ash was calculated with reference to the weight of air-dried ash.

Determination of Alcohol Soluble Extractive:
Test sample was macerated with 100 ml of Alcohol in a closed flask for twenty-four hours, shaking frequently during six hours and allowing it to stand for eighteen hours. Filter rapidly, taking precautions against loss of solvent, evaporate 25 ml of the filtrate to dryness in a tared flat-bottomed shallow dish, and dry at 105ºC, to constant weight and weigh. Calculate the percentage of alcohol-soluble extractive with reference to the air-dried drug.

Determination of Water-Soluble Extractive:
Test sample was macerated with 100 ml of chloroform water in a closed flask for twenty-four hours, shaking frequently during six hours and allowing it to stand and for eighteen hours. Filter rapidly, taking precautions against loss of solvent, evaporate 25 ml of the filtrate to dryness in a tared flat-bottomed shallow dish, and dry at 105ºC, to constant weight and weigh. Calculate the percentage of water-soluble extractive with reference to the air-dried drug.

Results and Discussion:-Organoleptic characters:
The organoleptic characters of Nellikkai legiyam are tabulated as Table 1.

Biochemical analysis:
The biochemical analysis results of Nellikkai legiyam are tabulated as Table 2.

Physicochemical evaluation:
Physicochemical evaluation results of Nellikkai legiyam are tabulated as Table 4.