10Nov 2017

HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BISPHENOL- A ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF FEMALE WISTAR RATS.

  • Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (India).
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

BisphenolA (BPA) is one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastics. Many evidences report many harmful effects on health. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of bisphenol-A on reproductive organs (ovary and uterus) and hormone level (estrogen and progesterone) and body weight of female wistar albino rats. Adult females were orally administered the dose of BPA (5, 50, 300, 600 and 800 mg/kg bw/week) for 3 months. Animals were sacrificed; body weight measured and the level of estrogen and progesterone with respect to ovary and uterus were examined. At the doses of groups (50, 300, 600 & 800 mg BPA), significant changes were noticed in body weight but at the dose of 5 mg of BPA, no significant decline was observed. Significant changes were observed in hormone level, ovary and uterus of non pregnant females. In cesarean and post term phases, the level of hormone non significantly decreased and the changes in ovary and uterus were not noted. In conclusion, this study emphasized more on histology of reproductive organs and the adverse effects of BPA on females.

  1. Sonnenschein C and Soto AM: An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1998; 65:143-150.
  2. Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, Rubin BS and Soto AM: Bisphenol-A and the great divide: a review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption. Endocrine Reviews 2009; 30:75-95.
  3. Le HH, Carlson EM, Chua JP and Belcher SM: Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. Toxicology Letters 2008; 176:149-156.
  4. Vandenberg LN, Hauser R, Marcus M, Olea N and Welshons, WV: Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). Reproductive Toxicology 2007; 24(2):139-177.
  5. Shuo X, Honglu D, Mary AS, Xiao S and Xiaoqin Y: Preimplantation exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) affects embryo transport, preimplantation embryo development and uterine receptivity in mice. Reproductive Toxicology 2011; 32(4):434-441.
  6. Hoekstra EJ and Simoneau C: Release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2013; 53: 386-402.
  7. Sekizawa J: Low-dose effects of bisphenol A: a serious threat to human health? Toxicological Sciences 2008; 33:389-403.
  8. Witorsch RJ: Endocrine disruptors: can biological effects and environmental risks be predicted? Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2002; 36:118-130.
  9. Fenichel P, Chevalier N and Brucker-Davis F: Bisphenol A: an endocrine and metabolic disruptor. AnnalesD?Endocrinologie 2013; 74: 211?220.
  10. V?lkel W, Colnot T, Csan?dy GA, Filser JG and Dekant W: Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol A in humans at low doses following oral administration. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2002; 15:1281-1287.
  11. Thayer KA, Doerge DR, Hunt D, Schurman SH, Twaddle NC, Churchwell MI, Garantziotis S, Kissling GE, Easterling MR, Bucher JR and Birnbaum LS: Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in humans following a single oral administration. Environment International 2015; 83:107.
  12. Salian S, Doshi T and Vanage G: Perinatal exposure of rats to Bisphenol- A affects the fertility of male offspring. Life Sciences 2009; 85:742-752.
  13. Toyama Y and Yuasa S: Effects of neonatal administration of 17beta-estradiol, beta-estradiol 3 benzoate, or bisphenolA on mouse and rat spermatogenesis. Reproductive Toxicology 2004; 19:181-188.
  14. CPCSEA guidelines For Laboratory Animal Facility. 2010; 1-39.
  15. OECD Guideline for Testing Of Chemicals. Acute Oral Toxicity ? Fixed Dose Procedure. 420. Adopted 17th Dec 2001.
  16. Delclos KB, Camacho L, Lewis SM, Vanlandingham MM, Latendresse JR, Olson GR, Davis KJ, Patton RE, daCosta GG, Woodling KA, Bryant MS, Chidambaram M, Trbojevich R, Juliar BE,? Felton RP and Thorn BT: Toxicity evaluation of bisphenol A administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats from gestation day 6 through postnatal day 90. Toxicological Sciences 2014; 139(1):174-97.
  17. Yamasaki K, Sawaki M and Takatsuki M: Immature rat uterotrophic assay of Bisphenol A. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000; 108:1147-1150.
  18. Cabaton NJ, Wadia PR, Rubin BS, Zalko D, Schaeberle CM, Askenase MH, Gadbois JL, Tharp AP, Whitt GS, Sonnenschein C and Soto AN: Perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of bisphenol A decreases fertility and fecundity in CD-1 mice. Environmental Health Perspectives 2011; 119: 547-552.
  19. Nah WH, Park MJ and Gye MC: Effects of prepubertal exposure to bisphenol A on the onset of puberty, ovarian weights, and estrous cycle in female mice. Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 2011; 38(2): 75-81.
  20. Rubin BS, Murray MK, Damassa DA, King JC and Soto AM:Perinatal exposure to low doses of bisphenolA affects body weight, patterns of estrous cyclicity, and plasma LH levels. Environmental Health Perspectives 2001; 109:675-680.
  21. Susiarjo M, Hassold T, Freeman E and Hunt P: Bisphenol A exposure in utero disrupts early oogenesis in the mouse. PLoS Genetics 2007; 3:e5.
  22. Maffini M, Rubin B, Sonnenschein C and Soto A: Endocrine disruptors and reproductive health: the case of bisphenol-A. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2006; 254:179?186.
  23. Li Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Wang W, Li H, Zhu J, Weng S, Xiao S and Wu T: PrepubertalbisphenolA exposure interferes with ovarian follicle development and its relevant gene expression. Reproductive Toxicology 2014; 44:33?40.
  24. Trapphoff T, Heiligentag M, El-Hajj N, Haaf T and Eichenlaub-Ritter U: Chronic exposure to a low concentration of bisphenol A during follicle culture affects the epigenetic status of germinal vesicles and metaphase II oocytes. Fertility and Sterility 2013; 100(6):1758?1767.
  25. Rivera OE, Varayoud J, Rodriguez HA, Munoz-de-Toro M and Luque EH: Neonatal exposure to bisphenol A or diethylstilbestrol alters the ovarian follicular dynamics in the lamb. Reproductive Toxicology 2011; 32:304?312.
  26. Rodr?guez HA, Santambrosio N, Santamar?a CG, Mu?oz-de-Toro M and Luque EH: Neonatal exposure to bisphenol A reduces the pool of primordial follicles in the rat ovary. Reproductive Toxicology 2010, 30:550?557.
  27. Lee SG, Kim JY, Chung JY, Kim YJ, Park JE, Oh S, Yoon YD, Yoo KS, Yoo YH and Kim JM: Bisphenol A exposure during adulthood causes augmentation of follicular atresia and luteal regression by decreasing 17β-estradiol synthesis via downregulation of aromatase in rat ovary. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013; 121:663?669.
  28. Chao HH, Zhang XF, Chen B, Pan B, Zhang LJ, Li L, Sun XF, Shi QH and Shen W: Bisphenol A exposure modifies methylation of imprinted genes in mouse oocytes via the estrogen receptor signaling pathway. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 2012; 137:249?259.
  29. Peretz J, Gupta RK, Singh J, Hernandez-Ochoa I and Flaws JA: Bisphenol A impairs follicle growth, inhibits steroidogenesis, and downregulates rate limiting enzymes in the estradiol biosynthesis pathway. Toxicological Sciences 2011; 119:209-217.
  30. Gamez JM, Penalba R, Cardoso N, Bernasconi PS, Carbone S, Ponzo O, et al. Exposure to a low dose of bisphenol A impairs pituitary-ovarian axis in prepubertal rats: effects on early folliculogenesis. Environ ToxicolPharmacol2015;39:9?15.
  31. Gray CA, Bartol FF, Tarleton BJ, Wiley AA, Johnson GA, Bazer FW and Spencer TE: Developmental biology of uterine glands. Biology of Reproduction 2001; 65:1311?1323.
  32. Schonfelder G, Friedrich K, Paul M and Chahoud I: Developmental effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A on the uterus of rat offspring. Neoplasia 2004; 6:584?594.
  33. Branham WS, Zehr DR, Chen JJ and Sheehan DM: Uterine abnormalities in rats exposed neonatally to diethylstilbestrol, ethynylestradiol, or clomiphene citrate. Toxicology 1988; 51:201-212.
  34. Yigit F and Daglioglu S: Histological changes in the uterus of the hens after embryonic exposure to bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol. Protoplasma2010; 247: 57?63.
  35. Berger RG, Foster WG and DeCatanzaro D: Bisphenol-A exposure during the period of blastocyst implantation alters uterine morphology and perturbs measures of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in mice. Reproductive Toxicology 2010; 30:393?400.
  36. Bosquiazzo VL, Varayoud J, Munoz-de-Toro M, Luque EH and Ramos JG: Effects of neonatal exposure to bisphenolA on steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and endothelial cell proliferation in the adult rat uterus. Biology of Reproduction 2010; 82:86?95.
  37. Bromer JG, Zhou Y, Taylor MB, Doherty L and Taylor HS: Bisphenol-A exposure in utero leads to epigenetic alterations in the developmental programming of uterine estrogen response. FASEB J, 2010; 24:2273?2280.
  38. Varayoud J, Ramos JG, Bosquiazzo VL, Munoz-de-Toro M and Luque EH: Developmental exposure to bisphenol A impairs the uterine response to ovarian steroids in the adult. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5848?5860.
  39. Mendoza-Rodr?guez CA, Garc?a-Guzm?n M, Baranda-Avila N, Morimoto S, Perrot-Applanat M and Cerb?n M: Administration of bisphenol A to dams during perinatal period modifies molecular and morphological reproductive parameters of the offspring. Reproductive Toxicology 2011; 31:177?183.
  40. Vigezzi L, Bosquiazzo VL, Kass L, Ramos JG, Munoz-de-Toro M and Luque EH: Developmental exposure to bisphenol A alters the differentiation and functional response of the adult rat uterus to estrogen treatment. Reproductive Toxicology 2015;52:83?92.

[Noopur Dhagga, M.Sc., Priya Gupta, M. Sc and *Srivastava Seema Ph.D, M.Sc. (2017); HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BISPHENOL- A ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF FEMALE WISTAR RATS. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 5 (Nov). 152-162] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Noopur Dhagga
Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (India).

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/5749      
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/5749

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 82 | No. of Views: 247