Investment Crowding-Out: Firm-Level Evidence from Germany
LICOS Discussion Paper 370/2015
34 Pages Posted: 23 Jul 2015
Date Written: July 2015
Abstract
The main objective of the present paper is to estimate the extent to which firm investment is substituted (crowded-out) by investment support policies granted under the EU Rural Development Programme (RDP). In the empirical analyses we employ the difference-in-difference propensity score matching approach, which allows us to address several important sources of bias, such as selection bias, the simultaneity bias, and functional form misspecification, from which many previous studies suffer. Using panel data of 1,333 firms from the Schleswig-Holstein region in Germany, we find that the crowding-out effect of the RDP is close to 100%, implying that firms use public support to substitute for private investments. Furthermore, no evidence was found that, due to RDP programme support, firms would have brought forward their investments planned originally in a later period, rejecting the f inter-temporal substitution of investments.
Keywords: Investment subsidy, crowding-out, substitution effect, additionality, subsidy leverage, propensity score matching.
JEL Classification: F1, O1, R3, R4
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation