Data
Data in this study were derived from the 2013 wave of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). Generally, CGSS, which is conducted by the National Survey Research Center at the Renmin University of China, is a nationally representative continuous cross-sectional survey on more than 10,000 households in provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China. Information of the respondents, including socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyles, health status (such as health insurance, health conditions, and health services use) were collected, through a face-to-face interview.
The CGSS data could be downloaded on the official website (http://cgss.ruc.edu.cn/).
Evaluation of Medical Resource Allocation. This article assumes that people's perception and evaluation of medical resource allocation affects the Satisfaction with Services of Public Health Management of the survey respondents. A 5-point Likert scale was used to measure people's perceived evaluation towards resource allocation, that is, adequacy of service resources provided by public health services, the balance of service resources' distribution across different regions, market-oriented and insufficiently public of public health services, and convenience of access to public health services.
Measures
Satisfaction with Services of Public Health Management. The dependent variable in this study was the Satisfaction with Services of Public Health Management of the survey respondents in CGSS. A total of 6 items measure the respondents’ satisfaction with public health management which can be divided into two groups through factor analysis: Health Regulation (Hygiene supervision management (food, drinking water, public places, etc.), Essential drug regime and Drug Safety Management), and Health Management(Urban and rural residents' health file service, Chronic disease management, and Severe mental illness management). They were evaluated by the question“How satisfied are you with each of the following aspects of public health services”. The responses were measured using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly dissatisfied to strongly satisfied. As the dependent variables of our analysis, the answer for each item was dichotomized into two groups: High Satisfaction Levels, where the answer was either satisfied or very satisfied; and Low Satisfaction Levels, where the answer was very dissatisfied, dissatisfied or average.
Sociodemographic factors. Similar to prior studies, some of the sociodemographic factors were selected for the analysis based on prior literature on the satisfaction of public health services. These selected factors are sex, age, education level, hukou (household registration), perceived household income, access to medical insurance, and access to a pension.
Hukou is a variable unique to China. In China, a person should register in one and only one place of regular residence in the hukou system, which is an institutional arrangement to control the population mobility, such as migration. Hukou in China usually has two categorizes, rural hukou and urban hukou[23]. According to the questionnaire setting, hukou is divided into rural residents and non-rural residents in this article.
Evaluation of Medical Resource Allocation. Evaluation of Medical Resource Allocation was measured by questions ‘Do you think the current health care resources are adequate?”, “Is the service resources' distribution across different regions balanced?”, “Is it serious that public health services are market-oriented and insufficiently public?”, “Is it convenient to get public health services?”. The answers were measured using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from Level 1 to Level 5. Respectively, adequacy of medical service resources, ranging from most adequate to least adequate; the balance of medical service resources' distribution, ranging from most balanced to most uneven; market-oriented and insufficiently public of public health services, ranging from most serious to not serious at all; the convenience of access to public health services, ranging from most convenient to not convenient at all.
Statistical analysis
Descriptive statistical methods were used to illustrate the distribution of sociodemographic factors, Evaluation of Resource Allocation, and High Satisfaction with Services of Public Health Management based on different specific dimensions.
The associations between Sociodemographic factors, Evaluation of Resource Allocation, and High Satisfaction with Services of Public Health Management based on different specific dimensions were accessed using multivariate analyses, and models were estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis using R 3.6.3. Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. All statistical tests were 2-sided, and P-values of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.