Jabbar et al. (2022) | NA | Systematic review (46 studies) | Urban green spaces | Benefit: people in the neighborhood of green spaces have been observed healthier. |
Jia & Zhang (2021) | Wuhan, China | Variable selection and model derivation | 1) Urban green 2) blue infrastructure | Benefit: housing area with urban green and blue infrastructure has higher value. |
Azagew & Worku (2020) | Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia | Assessment of the status, accessibility and constraints of GI | 1) Urban forest 2) urban agriculture 3) river and riverside green 4) urban parks | Challenges: lack of proper planning and implementation of GI |
Zhang et al. (2021) | Suzhou, China | Interdisciplinary approach | 1) Stormwater garden 2) bi-retention cells | Benefit: reduce stormwater runoff |
Deely et al. (2020) | N/A | Systematic review (40 studies) | GI in general | Challenges: 1) institutional and governance 2) socio-cultural 3) knowledge 4) technical and biophysical 5) funding and markets |
Twohig et al. (2022) | Helsinki, Finland | Data collection and processing | Green roof | Benefit: Reduce average flood depth |
Tappert et al. (2018) | Swiss city | Discourse-theoretical approach | Urban allotment garden | Benefit: Support household incomes |
Langemeyer et al. (2020) | Barcelona | Developing spatial multi-criteria screening tool | Green roof | Benefit: 1) thermal regulation 2) runoff control 3) pollinator habitat 4) food production 5) recreational opportunities 6) social cohesion |
Deitch & Feirer (2019) | Florida, US | Analytical method | Rainwater harvesting | Benefit: Managing stormwater |
Chen et al. (2021) | Costa Rica | Simulation of UGI scenarios in the hydrological model PC Storm Water Management Model | 1) permeable pavement 2) bio-retention cell 3) infiltration trench 4) detention basin 5) cistern 6) green roof | Benefit: Reduce surface runoff |
Truong et al. (2022) | Sydney, Australia | Open-ended questionnaire | Urban gardening | Benefit: Connection to nature, social and community |
Abera et al. (2021) | US | Computer rainfall-runoff simulation and ordinance review | 1) Rain garden 2) permeable pavement | Benefit: Reduce stormwater runoff |
Coleman et al. (2018) | Vermont, US | Survey | 1) diversion of roof runoff 2) rain garden 3) permeable pavers 4) infiltration trenches 5) tree box filters | Challenges: 1) lack awareness 2) expensive system 3) inadequate space 4) against the property rules |
Knaus & Haase (2020) | Berlin, Germany | Modelling thermal effect using ENVI-met | Green roof | Benefit: Improve thermal environment at roof level |
McEwan et al. (2022) | Cardiff, Wales, UK | Surveys (231 residents) | 1)Sustainable urban drainage system (SuDS) 2)tree pits 3)rain garden | Challenges: Urban planners need to help residents to educate and visualize more about GI. |
Morash et al. (2019) | US | Study review | Rain garden/bioretention | Benefit: Rain gardens exhibit strong performance when the parameter selection aligns with established recommendations. |
Zwierzchowska et al. (2019) | Poznan city, Poland | Case study | Nature-based solutions (bicycle and pedestrian path at green areas, green roof at residential buildings) | Benefit: 1) resilience and climate change adaptation 2) health and well-being 3) social cohesion 4) economic development potential |
Garbanzos & Maniquiz-Redillas (2022) | Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines | Modelling approach using Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) | 1) bioretention 2) infiltration trench 3) permeable pavement | Benefit: 1) flow reduction 2) infiltration improvement |
Aparicio Uribe et al. (2022) | San Jose, Costa Rica | Case study | 1) street planter 2) infiltration trench 3) bioretention cell 4) permeable pavement | Challenge: 1) availability of space 2) lack of planning in the distribution of land cover 3) lack of capacity of water bodies, |
Nohorli & Rafieyan (2021) | Tabriz, Iran | Open questionnaire | Green roof | Challenges: 1) cost & investment 2) cultural and educational 3) scientific and technical 4) climatic and ecological 5) legislation and management issue |
Klein et al. (2022) | Sweden | Population-based study | Residential green space | Benefit: 1) help reduce depression and burn out 2) increase life satisfaction |
Williams et al. (2019) | England | Survey | 1) rain gardens 2) green roof 3) tree pits 4) permeable paving 5) swales 6) detention basin & ponds 7) underground storage | Challenges: Main concerns residents had with GI were maintenance costs and adoption. |
Artmann et al. (2017) | Dresden, Germany | Develop guideline for landscape planning | Urban green space | Benefit: GI can provide and efficiently manage the various ecological, social and economic services. |
Baptiste et al., (2015) | Syracuse, New York | Survey | 1) rain garden 2) rain barrels 3) permeable pavement | Challenges: Factors influence by residents to implement GI – effectiveness, aesthetic and cost. |
Berland et al. (2017) | N/A | Review | Trees planting (element of GI) | Benefits: 1) canopy interception loss 2) evapotranspiration 3) improve infiltration Challenges: Scarcity of land area |
Braden and Ando (2021) | N/A | Book’s chapter | Low Impact Development (LID) | Challenges: 1) zoning ordinances and building codes 2) division of responsibility 3) stakeholders to acquire new knowledge |
Brown et al., 2016 | N/A | Survey | Stormwater management | Challenges: 1) engaging residents and property owners 2) financial incentives and personal benefits |
CWAA (2016) | US | Catalogue/book | N/A | Challenges: 1) technical and physical barriers 2) legal and regulatory 3) financial 4)community and institutional |
Dhakal and Chevalier (2017) | US | Survey | GI in general | Challenges: 1) mindset 2) lack of awareness 3) fear 4) attitudes and perceptions discourage landowners 5) water resource managers 6) policymakers |
EPA (2020) | US | N/A | Stormwater utility | Challenges: Site specific for effectiveness; concerning soil and climatic conditions. |
Gren & Andersson (2018) | Sweden | Case study | Land covers | Benefit: 1) holds potential for urban ecosystems 2) reveals synergies when applied to semi-natural areas within cities |
Kim & Song (2019) | US | Case study | Green spaces and stormwater management | Benefit: enhancement of biodiversity and environmental functions through green zones |
Liberalesso et al. (2020) | N/A | Data collection by web-based search | GI in general | Challenges: Restriction by city ordinances |
Shafique & Kim (2017) | N/A | Review | roof and ground catchment area | Benefit: roof areas can be used to overcome water-related problems |
Ureta et al. (2021) | South Carolina, US | Online survey | 1) rain garden 2) rooftop disconnection 3) rain barrels | Challenges: 1) lack of awareness 2) attitudes and perceptions of landowners 3) water resource managers 4)policymakers |
Xiao (2018) | Suzhou, China | Case study | Urban green spaces | Benefit: 1) cooling and humidifying effect 2) improve urban ecological environment |
Hendricks et al. (2018) | Houston, Texas | Case study | GI in general | Benefit: Community participation clearly has many benefits; 1) More social gathering spaces 2) Cultural expression |
Wan et al. (2018) | Hong Kong | Telephone survey | Urban green spaces | Benefit: 1) Opportunities for youth to spend time in public spaces 2) Improve landscape aesthetics |
Van Mechelen et al. (2015) | Semi-arid climate | Review | Green roof irrigation | Benefit: 1) improve plant survival 2) temperature control 3) reduced costs associated with infrastructure, |
Ran & Tang (2018) | Shanghai | Establish model using DesignBuilder software | Green roof combined with night-time ventilation and walls insulation | Benefit: 1) reduce indoor temperature 2) reduced costs associated with infrastructure |
Anguelovski et al. (2018) | Barcelona | Mix method | Green spaces | Benefit: 1) Reduced use of energy 2) Urban agriculture/sustainable food production 3) Preservation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats 4) Biodiversity protection and pollination 5) Protection to enhance geologically important sites, such as nature preserves and heritage sites 6) A reduced of ecological footprint |
Ziogou (2018) | Mediterranean island of Cyprus | Mix method | Green roof | Benefit: 1) positive energy and environmental contribution 2) reduction of carbon emission 3) economically viable 4) upgrade the micro-climatic conditions Challenges: 1) not cost-efficient |