Awotidebe et al. (2014) [27] | HIV prevention activities to promote knowledge of risks and self-efficacy to abstain from sex and resist peer pressure | Peer educators | Soccer | 11 sessions over 12 weeks | 340 students in grades 8–10 | South Africa | Quasi-experiment |
Balfour et al. (2013) [28] | HIV prevention activities to change attitudes toward HIV and promote self-efficacy to make healthy choices | Counselors | Soccer | Eight 90-min sessions over 12 weeks | 629 students in grades 5–8 | South Africa | Quasi-experiment |
de Carcer (2020) [20] | Lessons on HIV/AIDS, malaria, hygiene, and leadership combined with soccer-based games | Coaches and program leaders | Soccer | Single 90-minute session | 120 youth ages 9–16 years | Cameroon | RCT |
Delva et al. (2010) [29] | HIV/AIDS prevention education given to existing teams; education plus movement games at schools; prevention information provided at tournaments. | Peer educators | Soccer and other sports | Varied from 10 min to 3 hrs. Youth chose how much to participate. | 772 youth ages 12–24 years | Kenya | Quasi-experiment |
Duffey et al. (2019) [22] | Lessons on sexuality, SRH, sexual and reproductive rights, sexual violence, pregnancy, and menstruation provided to girl players and spectators. | Coaches | Soccer | Varied from none to 2 years. | 120 girls ages 12–24 years | Zambia | Correlational (cross-sectional survey) |
Fuller et al. (2010) [21] | Coaching in soccer skills followed by prevention information about disease and health conditions. | Coaches | Soccer | 90 min (probably 11 sessions) | 370 students in grades 6–7 | South Africa | Quasi-experiment with random assignment of schools |
Fuller et al. (2011) [30] | Coaching in soccer skills followed by prevention information about disease and health conditions. | School teachers in Mauritius; coaches in Zimbabwe | Soccer | 90 min (probably 11 sessions) | 389 youth ages 12–15 in Mauritius; 395 youth ages 10–14 in Zimbabwe | Mauritius, Zimbabwe | Pre-post, no control |
Fuller et al. (2015) [31] | Coaching in soccer skills followed by prevention information about disease and health conditions. | School teachers | Soccer | Eleven 90-min sessions | 1,555 youth ages 9–12 years | Brazil | Pre-post, no control |
Hershow et al. (2015) [23] | Lessons after school integrating soccer, life skills activities, and counseling and testing to prevent HIV/AIDS. | Female community leaders | Soccer | Ten 2-hr sessions | 514 girls ages 11–14 years | South Africa | Pre-post, no control |
Jejeebhoy et al. (2017) [15] | Lessons on gender roles, violence against women, respectful behavior towards women, and positive masculinity. Periodic community events promoted gender egalitarian attitudes. | Peer mentors overseen by trainers & coaches | Cricket | Forty-two 2-hr sessions over 18 months | 1,149 boys ages 13–21 years | India | Cluster RCT |
Kaplan et al. (2015) [24] | Program to support SRH education and change gender norms included: 1) SRH courses, 2) Girls’ Health Days, 3) all-female summer soccer league, and 4) World AIDS Day community event | Community health workers | Soccer | Varied: yearlong program of five 2-hr SRH sessions in 1 week; daily summer soccer practice | 4,251 girls ages 15–19 years | Haiti | Quasi-experiment |
Kaufman et al. (2012) [16] | Interactive sport activity combined with discussion of health HIV-related risks. | Community soccer players | Soccer | 10 hrs over 5 days | 140 youth, median age 14 years | Dominican Republic | Cluster RCT |
Kaufman et al. (2016) [32] | Interactive game, personal story shared by coach, and group discussion to increase voluntary male medical circumcision. | Circumcised adult male facilitators | Soccer | Single 60 min session | 1,226 boys ages 14–20 years | Zimbabwe | Quasi-experiment |
Marcus & Stavropoulou (2020) [14] | Lessons about health (including SRH), communication, rights, and managing personal finances. | Varied: facilitators from implementing organizations and peer leaders | Varied by country, including netball (basketball), soccer, cricket | Weekly sessions for 10 months | 18,698 girls ages 12–18 years | India, Kenya, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Uganda Zambia | Pre-post, no control |
Maro et al. (2009) [25] | AIDS education alongside soccer games. | Peer coaches | Soccer | 8 weeks (frequency and length of sessions unknown) | 764 youth, average age 13.6 years | Tanzania | Quasi-experiment |
Merrill et al. (2018) [33] | Lessons on body image, SRH and HIV knowledge, and decision-making in relationships. Texting service reinforced curriculum. | Female community leaders | Soccer | Ten 2-hr sessions over 5 weeks | 213 girls ages 11–16 years | South Africa | Pre-post, no control |
Miller et al. (2012) [17] | Brief discussions about respect and dating violence prevention. | School coaches | Unknown, multiple sports | Eleven 10- to 15-min discussions | 1,798 boys in grades 9–12 | United States | Cluster RCT |
Miller et al. (2020) [18] | Brief discussions about (1) respectful relationship behaviors, (2) gender-equitable attitudes, and (3) positive bystander intervention. | School coaches | Unknown, multiple sports | Twelve 15-min discussions over 12 weeks | 973 boys in grades 6–8 | United States | Cluster RCT |
Sieverding & Elbadawy (2016) [34] | Lessons in literacy and life skills, reproductive health, gender roles, and sport were taught in safe spaces. Family members also received some education. | Women with secondary education | Unknown | 12 hrs per week for 20 months | 2,248 girls ages 10–16 years | Egypt | Quasi-experiment |
Tingey et al. (2015) [19] | Training in condom use and lessons on SRH behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, practical skills, and intentions to prevent HIV/AIDS, culturally customized for American Indian youth. | American Indian para-professionals ages 25–50 | Basketball | 4-hr sessions over 8 consecutive days | 267 youth ages 13–19 years | United States | Cluster RCT |
Woodcock et al. (2012) [26] | Lessons on SRH, HIV prevention, and economic and individual empowerment. | Peer educators | Soccer | Years-long program, dose varied | 333 girls, ages 10–19 years | Kenya | Cross-sectional |