Search results
The initial search indicated that 2,821 publications were affiliated with the University of Rwanda. After careful selection of publications based on their field of study, a total of 1, 220 and 106 publications were found to be in the medical and surgical fields, respectively. The analysis was based on the type of scholarly work, the chemical substances of focus, the authors, the funders, and the journal in which the literature was published.
Types of literature published in medicine and surgery
This classification is based on types of literature; journal articles, journal issues, conference proceedings articles, book chapters, reprints, and reports. Figures 1 and Fig. 2 show the number of publications and their classes in medicine and surgery, respectively. In medicine, a large number of literatures is journal articles while book chapters, conference articles and reports are very few. This trend is also seen in publications in surgical field.
Chemical substances of focus
Figure 3 shows the names of chemical substances of focus in the medical literature. Arranging these chemical substances from the ones that appear in many documents, the chemical substances that were mostly focused on are anti-retrieval agents that appear in 19 documents, antibacterial agents that are found in 18 documents, anti-HIV agents that appear in 17 documents, antimalarials in 14 documents, antitubercular agents in 11 documents, plant extracts in 9 documents, artemisinins and biomarkers in 7 documents each, and iron that appears in 6 documents. Anthelmintics, antigens & protozoan, antiviral agents, drug combinations, protozoan proteins, rifampin and tables appear in 5 documents each while viral antibodies, antihypertensive drugs, artemether-lumefantrine drug combination and C-Reactive protein appear in 4 documents each.
In the surgical literature, the most focused chemical substances are analgesics, ketamine and rifampin, which appear in 2 documents each. Other chemical substances, including amphotericin B, antibacterial agents, antihypertensive agents, antimalarials, antitubercular agents, artemisinins, C-Reactive protein, cefuroxime, drug combinations, ethambutol, ferritins, heterocyclic compounds, ibuprofen, iron, isoniazid, peroxides and phosphates, appear in 1 document each. All chemical substances appearing in surgical literature are shown in Fig. 4.
Top authors in the medical and surgical literature
In medicine, arranging from authors with the largest number of scholarly publications, the 10 top authors are Stephen Rulisa with 70 medical publications, Leon Mutesa with 69 medical publications, Joseph Ntaganira with 50 publications, Claude Mambo Muvunyi with 45 publications, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier with 40 publications, Patrick Kyamanywa with 37 publications, Jean Bosco Gahutu with 33 publications, Sabin Nsanzimana with 29 publications, Agnes Binagwaho and Georges Ntakiyiruta with 27 publications each. Other researchers are with less than 25 publications in medical field. Figure 5 shows all authors with more than 10 publications in medical field.
The authors have collaborated in different researches. Among 5,686 authors who have published 1,220 publications in medicine, 80 published at least 10 publications. Among the 80 authors, 77 worked together on different works of medical literature. For example, Stephen Rulisa worked with Leon Mutesa, Claude Mambo Muvunnyi, Belson Rugwizangoga, Faustin Ntirenganya, and others. Claude Mambo Muvunnyi worked with Leon Mutesa, Stephen Rulisa, Sabin Nsanzimana, Jennifer Richard, Jean Claude Byiringiro and others. Figure 6 shows a network of 77 authors who have collaborated in medical research. Looking at author keywords, in a total of 1,220 publications, 1,656 keywords were used. Among these keywords, 159 were used at least three times, but only 159 are well-connected. The most frequently used keywords are Rwanda, which was used 169 times, Africa; 31 times, HIV; 23 times, global health; 21 times, and developing countries, which appeared 12 times. Figure 7 shows author keyword co-occurrence.
In a total of 106 publications in surgical field, the top 5 authors are Georges Ntakiyiruta with 15 publications, Jennifer Richard with 12 publications, Robert Riviello with 9 publications, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier and Patrick Kyamanywa with 8 publications each. Other researchers include Edmond Ntaganda, Faustin Ntirenganya, Rbin T Petroze, and others. Figure 8 shows all the top authors in the surgical field. In 529 authors who have published 106 publications, 113 have published at least 2 publications. All these 113 authors worked together in different researches, but 100 are well-connected. Figure 9 shows a network of co-authorship among 100 well-connected authors in surgery. A total of 117 author keywords were used in 106 publications, and only 86 are well connected. Figure 10 shows 86 connected keywords that the authors used.
Top funders that have funded research in medicine and surgery
In 1,220 publications in medical field, 34 were funded by FIC NIH HHS (Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services), 29 were funded by NIAD NIH HHS (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services), 20 by the Wellcome Trust, and 15 by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Medical Research Council, NHLBI NIH HHS (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and human Services) and World Health Organisation funded 13 researches each. NICHD NIH HHS (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services) funded 12 researches while NCI NIH HHS (National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and human Services) funded 10 researches. Other funders have funded less than 10 studies. All funding organizations are shown in Fig. 11.
In surgery, among 106 publications, 3 were funded by NHLBI NIH HHS, 2 were funded by FIC NIH HHS and NIAID NIH HHS each. Other organizations including AO Foundation, American Heart Association, Brown University, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali known as Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK), German Federal Ministry of Education, Edwards Lifesciences, Harvard Medical School, Medical Research Council and others funded only one research each. All funders in surgical research are shown in Fig. 12.
Top journals in which medical and surgical literature were published
In medicine, a large number of publications have been published by Elsevier, BioMed Central, Springer Nature, Wiley, Public Library of Science (PLOS) and African Journals Online (AJOL). Figure 13 shows different journals by publisher and the number of publications in these journals. Looking in surgery, the top 5 journals in which a large number of literatures was published are World Journal of surgery, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, African Journal of Emergency Medicine, Journal of Surgical Education and Lancet (London, England). Figure 14 shows all journals and the number works of literature that were published in each.