Bleeding is a potential surgical complication and a major challenge for surgeons and anesthesiologists. Taking care of bleeding during and after surgery is one the most important points to consider in treating patients and inadequate local homeostasis can cause severe bleeding. Besides, the hemodynamic instability in patients and the need for blood transfusion prolong the hospital stay (1), so in one study the rate of bleeding in 13% of the patients undergoing prostatectomy was reported more than one liter, causing hemodynamic disorders (2). Therefore, the first important step of patient management is early detection and control of bleeding, since in severe bleeding the mortality rate increases from 1–20%; although hidden bleeding does not affect hemodynamic instability, such complications can cause infection, inflammation, and adhesions (3). To control and reduce bleeding, drugs such as anti-fibrolytics and intravenous injections of coagulation agents such as fibrinogen and cryoprosphate are typically used, which can have many side effects. Therefore, for better results and reduction of the side effects of the drug, hemostatic agents are used topically (6, 5, 4). Topical hemostatic agents are used based on their ability to activate the coagulation cascade locally to control bleeding before surgery at the surgery site; this stimulates and facilitates the formation of blood clots at the site of bleeding and these local factors rely on a healthy coagulation mechanism, accordingly, their use is limited in patients with coagulation disorders. There are several hemostatic methods such as mechanical devices, thermal devices, and local hemostatic agents to prevent postoperative bleeding. Each of these techniques has advantages and disadvantages, considered by surgeons to use selectively depending on the field of surgery. One of these factors is mechanical homeostasis, the most common method used in surgery is direct pressure, but is not stable in controlling bleeding. Another method of controlling bleeding in hemostatic agents is the chemical method, causing vasoconstriction by administering epinephrine. Heat hemeostasis (electrocautery) is another hemostatic agent that can purse large areas of tissue by creating short-term hemeostasis by denaturing proteins. Although this method can save time and shorten homeostasis, its use can be restricted by the complication of tissue rupture, burns, and electric shock (7). Cellulose-based products are utilized only for the local control of light bleeding, and local hemostatic consisting of oxidized cellulose in the absence of plasma compounds, especially factors VIII and XII, is not able to induce platelet activity and control bleeding (8).In the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as the most common cause of urinary obstruction, often seen in men over the age of 50, if it does not respond to drug therapy as the first line of treatment, various surgical methods are employed. Prostate hysterectomy (TURP), a common surgical treatment, has risky complications such as bleeding during and after surgery (9, 10, 11). In experimental observations of prostatectomy patients in Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz, no difference was observed in the amount of bleeding (drainage, hemoglobin loss) in patients for whom the Surgicel was implanted compared to the group without the Surgicel, where in some cases it led to infection at the operation site. Therefore, in the present study, prostatectomy patients were evaluated for bleeding and infection in prostatectomy patients with or without the Surgicel.