Compact slot based triangular multiband microstrip patch antenna for C and X band applications

Modern portable communication devices require a compact antenna with superior performance a nd lower weight and size. The design and development of such a compact size antenna is a major challenge for the researchers. In this proposed work compact slot based triangular patch antenna to work at the multiple resonance frequencies from 5 GHz to 10 GHz using FR4 substrate is presented. Proposed antenna is simulated using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS 2020R1). Simulated and fabricated antenna test results shows that proposed antenna can be suitably employed for the portable wireless transceivers in C and X band. Proposed slot based triangular patch antenna achieves the peak gain of 8 dBi and has the good impedance matching properties such that return loss S11is less than -10 dB and VSWR value is very closer to 1 at all the resonance frequencies. Conclusion A compact slot based triangular multiband patch antenna using FR4 substrate is designed, simulated, and fabricated. A simulated and experimental test result shows that there will be a good agreement between them. Size of the antenna is 16.2 mm X 4.75 mm and achieves the peak gain of 8 dBi and moderate gain at all the resonance frequencies. Proposed antenna can be suitably employed for the compact wireless receivers to work at the frequency of 5.16 GHz, 6.6 GHz 7.211 GHz, 8.32 GHz and 9.96 GHz.


Introduction
The evolution of wireless technology has been increased in recent years. The technology applications, such as transmitting multimedia and image file through the Radio Frequency (RF) channel, Long Term Evaluation (LTE) system prefers high frequency carrier wave. For such applications, Antenna becomes more and more compact and occupies very less space, can be mounted easily. Such compact antenna is also preferred for low power transceiver applications in modern wireless networks. As internet technology developed, spectrum allocation of cellular band over crowded. Increase in demand for the wireless service causes the development of compact and multiband communication devices in modern wireless communication systems.
Present 4G cellular communication system occupies the 2.7 GHz frequency band of the spectrum. 5G cellular frequency band may shift slightly higher than the present 4G frequency band. A wireless antenna is the central component of electron devices may play an important role in the miniaturization of total unit size. It is also required to develop an antenna to work at multiple frequency bands. Further antenna plays vital role in mobile communication system to improve the coverage area and to increase the capacity of the cellular system and to decrease the network complexity. Significant amount of improvement done by many researchers by modifying the shape of the radiating element from simple rectangular, circular and square to complicated fractal based shape to obtain the desired impedance matching and radiation characteristics. size of the antenna naturally depends on the dielectric constant of the substrate used in patch antenna design [1]. Dielectric constant of the material should lies between 2 to 12 in order to achieve the acceptable performance of the antenna. Many researchers have been proposed different substrate materials for antenna miniaturization and acceptable radiation characteristics. A low cost frequency agile antenna on ferroelectric substrate was proposed by V.Furlan et.al. and proved that developed antenna achieves elliptical polarization for the tunable frequency from 6.895 GHz to 7.050 GHz [1]. Miniaturization of microstrip patch antenna is achieved by using cemamic substrate material with high dielectric constant [2,3,4]. It is also proved by researchers that simple FR4 substrate can be suitable for patch antenna at high frequency application with enhanced gain, impedance matching and other radiation characteristics of the patch antenna. In this proposed work FR4 material is used as substrate for desired shape of the radiating patch. Authors developed two different slot antennas to work at Ka band using rogers RT5880 substrate. They proved that that developed antenna achieves the peak gain of 5.6 dBi and radiation efficiency of 94%. Devesh et. al developed modified square sierpinski based microstrip patch antenna and achieved multiple resonance frequency at Ku and K band [4]. Authors proved that developed antenna achieves peak gain of 8.89 dBi at third iteration. Manisha gupta and vinitha mathur developed Ultra Wideband patch antenna using FR4 substrate [5]. In their research work they modified the radiating element and achieved circularly polarized antenna.
Authors proved that developed antenna achieves better miniaturization and peak gain of 7.     Figure 4 shows the Co and Cross polarization radiation pattern in E -plane (5.2 GHz) of proposed slot based triangular microstrip patch antenna. It is inferred that proposed antenna has good radiation characteristics in terms of gain, main lobe and back lobe characteristics and polarization discrimination.

Funding
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Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors' contributions
Co-author contributed in this study and commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Coauthor read and approved the final manuscript.