Table 1. Demographic characteristic and clinical data of participants. (Median (IQR25-75)/ mean ± SD)
|
BD
|
UD
|
HC
n=180
|
F1/Z1/χ21
|
P1
|
F2/Z2/χ22
|
P2
|
|
AS
n=119
|
RS
n=77
|
AS
n=95
|
RS
n=61
|
Sex (male/female)
|
61/58
|
37/40
|
43/52
|
28/33
|
90/90
|
0.837
|
0.658
|
0.326
|
0.850
|
Age (years)
|
30(22,40)
|
31(22.43)
|
37(25,49)
|
34(23,49)
|
34(20,44.75)
|
22.481
|
<0.001
|
12.638
|
0.002
|
Smokers/Non-smokers
|
21/98
|
14/63
|
19/76
|
11/50
|
NA
|
0.192
|
0.661
|
0.001
|
0.982
|
Family history (positive/negative)
|
22/97
|
17/60
|
23/72
|
17/44
|
NA
|
1.042
|
0.307
|
0.615
|
0.433
|
Duration of illness(months)
|
60(19,111)
|
50(15,123)
|
20(6,66)
|
15(5,63)
|
NA
|
12.586
|
<0.001
|
9.443
|
0.002
|
Mood episode numbers
|
3(2,5)
|
3(2,5)
|
1(1,3)
|
1(1,3)
|
NA
|
47.302
|
<0.001
|
21.920
|
<0.001
|
Psychotic symptom(yes/no)
|
40/79
|
NA
|
16/79
|
NA
|
NA
|
7.691
|
0.006
|
NA
|
NA
|
Medication(with/without)
|
62/57
|
NA
|
50/45
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.006
|
0.938
|
NA
|
NA
|
CHOL (mmol/L)
|
4.31±0.87
|
4.37±0.89
|
4.41±0.83
|
4.34±0.92
|
4.68±0.85
|
7.886
|
<0.001
|
5.393
|
0.005
|
TG (mmol/L)
|
1.14(0.72,1.81)
|
1.55(1.17,2.43)
|
1.21(0.75,1.63)
|
1.4(1.03,1.925)
|
1.02(0.8025,1.3575)
|
2.247
|
0.325
|
40.611
|
<0.001
|
HDL (mmol/L)
|
1.17(1.03,1.40)
|
1.21(1.06,1.48)
|
1.2(1.07,1.45)
|
1.42(1.285,1.79)
|
1.255(1.1,1.4975)
|
8.862
|
0.012
|
19.494
|
<0.001
|
LDL (mmol/L)
|
2.45(1.98,2.9)
|
2.22(1.195,2.66)
|
2.33(2.03,3.07)
|
2.48(1.985,2.89)
|
2.75(2.38,3.1975)
|
17.975
|
<0.001
|
33.682
|
<0.001
|
BD, bipolar disorder; UD, unipolar depression; HC, healthy control; AS, acute stag; RS, remission stage. CHOL, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, Standard deviation; IQR, Interquartile range.
1, comparison among 3 groups in acute stage.
2, comparison among 3 groups in remission stage.
Table 2. UA levels of participants in AS (mean ± SD, μmol/L)
|
BD
|
BD-M
|
BD-D
|
UD
|
HC
|
F1,a
|
P1,a
|
F1,b
|
P1,b
|
F2
|
P2
|
|
n=119
|
n=64
|
n=55
|
n=95
|
n=180
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UA
|
354.02±88.75
|
367.84±92.92
|
337.93±81.54
|
282.13±77.98
|
296.27±68.77
|
25.024
|
<0.001
|
19.242
|
<0.001
|
29.365
|
<0.001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
χ23
|
P3
|
χ24
|
P4
|
|
|
HPUA (yes/no)
|
30/89
|
20/44
|
10/45
|
6/89
|
11/169
|
28.628
|
<0.001
|
33.463
|
<0.001
|
|
|
UA, uric acid; HPUA, hyperuricemia; BD-M, mania/hypomania; BD-D, bipolar depression; UD, unipolar depression; HC, healthy control; SD, Standard deviation.
1, age, sex, history of smoking, family history, age of onset, mood episode numbers, duration of disease, whether with psychotic symptom and lipid indices as covariates between BD and UD groups;
2, age, sex, history of smoking and lipid indices as covariates among 3 groups;
3, compare the number of participants with HPUA among BD, UD and HC groups;
4, compare the number of participants with HPUA among BD-M, BD-D, UD and HC groups;
a, comparison between BD and UD groups;
b, comparison among BD-M, BD-D and UD groups.
Table 3. UA levels of participants in RS (mean ± SD, μmol/L)
|
BD (n=77)
|
UD (n=61)
|
HC (n=180)
|
F1
|
P1
|
F2
|
P2
|
UA
|
364.17±91.11
|
295.84±75.96
|
296.27±68.77
|
10.824
|
0.001
|
25.714
|
<0.001
|
|
|
|
|
χ23
|
P3
|
|
|
HPUA (yes/no)
|
24/53
|
4/57
|
11/169
|
33.755
|
<0.001
|
|
|
UA, uric acid; HPUA, hyperuricemia; UD, unipolar depression; HC, healthy control; SD, Standard deviation.
1, age, sex, history of smoking, family history, age of onset, mood episode numbers, duration of disease, whether with psychotic symptom and lipid indices as covariates between BD and UD groups;
2, age, sex, history of smoking and lipid indices as covariates among 3 groups.
3, compare the number of participants with HPUA among BD, UD and HC groups.
Table 4. UA levels of drug-use and drug-naïve/free subgroups (mean ± SD, μmol/L)
|
Drug-use
|
Drug-naïve/free
|
F
|
P
|
BD (62/57)
|
369.35±85.82
|
337.33±88.75
|
1.897
|
0.171
|
BD-M (34/30)
|
379.65±84.67
|
354.47±101.24
|
0.141
|
0.709
|
BD-D (28/27)
|
356.86±87.07
|
318.30±71.76
|
2.446
|
0.125
|
UD (50/45)
|
299.26±78.59
|
263.09±73.53
|
1.466
|
0.229
|
UA, uric acid; BD-M, mania/hypomania; BD-D, bipolar depression; UD, unipolar deprssion; SD, Standard deviation.
Age, sex, history of smoking, family history, age of onset, mood episode numbers, duration of disease, whether with psychotic symptom and lipid indices as covariates.