Ethics approval and consent to participate:
Approval from the Institutional review boards was not required for this study because we used retrospective, pseudonymised data for quality optimization purposes.
Consent for publication
Not applicable
Availability of data and material:
We will share aggregated, anonymized data, which have been used for this publication, upon reasonable request.
Funding:
The Dutch national antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (ISIS-AR) is supported by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. This study was conducted as part of the authors’ routine work and the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Authors' contributions:
Data analysis was performed by Sjoukje H. S. Woudt. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jara R. de la Court and all authors commented on earlier versions of the manuscript. Jara R. de la Court, Sjoukje H. Woudt, Annelot F. Schoffelen, Jarom Heijmans, Nick A. de Jonge, Tjomme van der Bruggen, Marije K. Bomers, Merel M. C. Lambregts, Rogier P. Schade and Kim C.E. Sigaloff all contributed to the study concept and design they all read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgments:
Members of the ISIS-AR study group:
J.W.T. Cohen Stuart, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Department of Medical Microbiology, Alkmaar; D.C. Melles, Meander Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amersfoort; K. van Dijk, Amsterdam UMC, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam; A. Alzubaidy, Atalmedial, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam; B.F.M. Werdmuller, Public Health Service, Public Health Laboratory, Amsterdam; G.J. Blaauw, Gelre Hospitals, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Apeldoorn; B.M.W. Diederen, Bravis Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Bergen op Zoom; ISIS-AR project team: H.J. Alblas, W. Altorf-van der Kuil, S.M. Bierman, S.C. de Greeff, S.R. Groenendijk, R. Hertroys, E.J. Kuijper, J.C. Monen, D.W. Notermans, W.J. van den Reek, A.F. Schoffelen, A.E. Smilde, C.C.H. Wielders, S.H.S. Woudt, R.E. Zoetigheid, Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven; W. van den Bijllaardt, Microvida Amphia, Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Breda; E.M. Kraan, IJsselland hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Capelle a/d IJssel; E.E. Mattsson, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Department of Medical Microbiology, Delft; J.M. da Silva, Deventer Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Deventer; E. de Jong, Slingeland Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Doetinchem; B. Maraha, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Dordrecht; A.J. van Griethuysen, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ede; G.J. van Asselt, SHL-Groep, Etten-Leur; A. Demeulemeester, SHL-Groep, Etten-Leur; B.B. Wintermans, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Goes; M. van Trijp, Groene Hart Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Gouda; A. Ott, Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen; J. Sinnige, Regional Laboratory of Public Health, Haarlem; D.C. Melles, St Jansdal Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Harderwijk; W. Silvis, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Hengelo; L.J. Bakker, CBSL, Tergooi Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hilversum; J.W. Dorigo-Zetsma, CBSL, Tergooi Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hilversum; K. Waar, Izore Centre for Infectious Diseases Friesland, Leeuwarden; A.T. Bernards, Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden; M.A. Leversteijn-van Hall, Alrijne Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden-Leiderdorp; E. Schaftenaar, St Antonius Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nieuwegein; M.H. Nabuurs-Franssen, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen; H. Wertheim, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Nijmegen; B.M.W. Diederen, Bravis Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Roosendaal; L. Bode, Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Rotterdam; M. van Rijn, Ikazia Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Rotterdam; S. Dinant, Maasstad Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Rotterdam; O. Pontesilli, Maasstad Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Rotterdam; P. de Man, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Rotterdam; M. Wong, Haga Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, 's-Gravenhage; A.E. Muller, MCH Westeinde Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, 's-Gravenhage; N.H. Renders, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, 's-Hertogenbosch; R.G. Bentvelsen, Microvida ZorgSaam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Terneuzen; A.G.M. Buiting, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Tilburg; A.L.M. Vlek, Diakonessenhuis, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Utrecht; A.J. Stam, Saltro Diagnostic Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Utrecht; A. Troelstra, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Medical Microbiology, Utrecht; I.T.M.A. Overdevest, PAMM, Department of Medical Microbiology, Veldhoven; M.P.A. van Meer, Rijnstate Hospital, Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Velp; C. Oliveira dos Santos, Isala Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Zwolle; M.J.H.M. Wolfhagen, Isala Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Zwolle
Competing interests:
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.