Table 1. Composition and proportion in different media mixtures
Media
|
Composition of medium
|
Ratio
|
M1
|
Soil + FYM
|
1:1
|
M2
|
Soil + FYM + Cocopeat
|
1:1:1
|
M3
|
Soil + Fine river sand + FYM
|
1:1:1
|
M4
|
Soil + Fine river sand + Farm yard manure (FYM) + Cocopeat
|
1:2:2:1
|
M5
|
Soil + Fine river sand + Farm yard manure FYM + Cocopeat
|
1:1:1:1
|
M6
|
Soil only
|
1
|
Table 2. Analysis of variance for seed viability experiments
Source of variation
|
Degree of freedom
|
Mean Sum of Squares
|
Genotypes
|
5
|
303.82**
|
Tests repetitions over time
|
2
|
24.89
|
Error
|
10
|
39.82
|
Table 3. Seed viability percentage for all the accessions examined in three tests repetitions over every six months during study period.
Accessions
|
Test 1 (2018)
|
Test 2 (2019-I)
|
Test 3 (2019-II)
|
Means of accessions
|
EC968466
|
64.00
|
72.00
|
60.00
|
65.33
|
EC968467
|
72.00
|
60.00
|
68.00
|
66.67
|
EC968468
|
76.00
|
80.00
|
64.00
|
73.33
|
EC968469
|
60.00
|
64.00
|
56.00
|
60.00
|
EC968470
|
84.00
|
88.00
|
80.00
|
84.00
|
EC966538
|
80.00
|
80.00
|
92.00
|
84.00
|
Means of Tests repetitions over time
|
72.67
|
74.00
|
70.00
|
72.22
|
SEM (±)
|
|
|
|
3.64
|
CD
|
|
|
|
11.63
|
Table 4. Pooled analysis of variance for different germination parameter.
Source of variation
|
Degree of freedom
|
Mean sum of squares (MS)
|
G%
|
GI
|
MGT
|
MDG
|
CVG
|
PV
|
GV
|
DG25%
|
DG50%
|
DG75%
|
RDL
|
SVI
|
Year
|
1
|
121.00**
|
0.19**
|
0.30
|
0.05**
|
0.001
|
0.09**
|
0.33**
|
0.58
|
1.23
|
1.07
|
0.10
|
0.09**
|
Temperature
|
2
|
24,538.09**
|
75.97**
|
2,136.34**
|
12.05**
|
33.56**
|
26.94**
|
74.57**
|
3,062.15**
|
2,560.39**
|
1,657.29**
|
19.98**
|
18.53**
|
Genotypes
|
5
|
224.52**
|
0.26**
|
17.085**
|
0.10**
|
0.16**
|
0.08**
|
0.77**
|
8.01**
|
21.26**
|
32.16**
|
0.26**
|
0.13**
|
Temperature × Genotype
|
10
|
103.56**
|
0.18**
|
5.89**
|
0.05**
|
0.09*
|
0.057**
|
0.71**
|
7.86**
|
6.48**
|
7.17**
|
0.11**
|
0.07**
|
Error
|
125
|
4.98
|
0.01
|
1.02
|
0.01
|
0.04
|
0.01
|
0.03
|
0.90
|
1.37
|
2.21
|
0.04
|
0.01
|
G%- germination percent; GI- germination index; MGT- mean germination time; MDG mean daily germination; CVG coefficient of velocity of germination; PV- peak value; GV- germination value; DG25% - days to 25 % germination; DG50%- days to 50 % germination; DG75%- days to 75 % germination; RDL- radical length; SVI- seed vigor index
* Significant at 0.05 level
** Significant at 0.01 level
Table 5. Pooled means of various germination parameters by six different genotypes of Ferula assa-foetida at three different temperatures over both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20.
Treatments#
|
G%$
|
GI
|
MGT
|
MDG
|
CVG
|
PV
|
GV
|
DG25%
|
DG50%
|
DG75%
|
RDL
|
SVI
|
T1G1
|
61.13 (7.88)
|
3.28
|
20.30
|
1.36
|
4.94
|
2.06
|
2.80
|
14.81
|
17.81
|
23.33
|
2.53
|
1.55
|
T1G2
|
70.75 (8.47)
|
3.67
|
21.04
|
1.57
|
4.77
|
2.24
|
3.53
|
15.32
|
18.62
|
24.86
|
2.23
|
1.57
|
T1G3
|
58.88 (7.74)
|
3.10
|
20.52
|
1.31
|
4.88
|
1.89
|
2.47
|
15.18
|
17.95
|
23.96
|
2.78
|
1.63
|
T1G4
|
55.50 (7.52)
|
3.03
|
19.69
|
1.24
|
5.08
|
1.92
|
2.38
|
14.90
|
17.60
|
22.16
|
2.54
|
1.41
|
T1G5
|
73.25 (8.61)
|
3.80
|
20.64
|
1.60
|
5.08
|
2.42
|
3.82
|
15.28
|
18.48
|
22.44
|
2.84
|
2.08
|
T1G6
|
81.88 (9.10)
|
3.94
|
22.89
|
1.82
|
4.42
|
2.28
|
4.13
|
15.64
|
20.80
|
27.62
|
2.36
|
1.94
|
T2G1
|
20.75 (4.66)
|
0.73
|
29.16
|
0.46
|
3.43
|
0.56
|
0.26
|
25.01
|
27.81
|
32.19
|
1.39
|
0.29
|
T2G2
|
23.13 (4.91)
|
0.80
|
29.72
|
0.51
|
3.37
|
0.60
|
0.31
|
25.22
|
28.60
|
32.51
|
1.60
|
0.37
|
T2G3
|
21.00 (4.69)
|
0.73
|
29.22
|
0.47
|
3.43
|
0.56
|
0.27
|
25.65
|
27.79
|
31.11
|
1.84
|
0.39
|
T2G4
|
19.25 (4.50)
|
0.67
|
29.26
|
0.43
|
3.42
|
0.52
|
0.23
|
25.71
|
27.97
|
31.13
|
1.60
|
0.31
|
T2G5
|
19.50 (4.52)
|
0.66
|
30.50
|
0.44
|
3.26
|
0.51
|
0.23
|
26.57
|
29.71
|
32.80
|
1.99
|
0.39
|
T2G6
|
23.75 (4.97)
|
0.76
|
31.41
|
0.51
|
3.30
|
0.57
|
0.29
|
26.09
|
30.67
|
35.18
|
1.81
|
0.43
|
T3G1
|
3.63 (2.14)
|
0.09
|
42.71
|
0.08
|
2.35
|
0.09
|
0.01
|
41.16
|
42.35
|
43.21
|
0.93
|
0.03
|
T3G2
|
5.00 (2.44)
|
0.13
|
38.27
|
0.11
|
2.62
|
0.12
|
0.02
|
36.60
|
37.66
|
39.07
|
0.64
|
0.03
|
T3G3
|
4.50 (2.34)
|
0.12
|
37.46
|
0.10
|
2.67
|
0.12
|
0.01
|
35.83
|
37.04
|
38.22
|
0.79
|
0.04
|
T3G4
|
3.88 (2.20)
|
0.11
|
37.45
|
0.09
|
2.67
|
0.10
|
0.01
|
35.05
|
36.65
|
38.53
|
0.50
|
0.02
|
T3G5
|
6.63 (2.76)
|
0.16
|
40.72
|
0.14
|
2.46
|
0.15
|
0.02
|
38.36
|
40.21
|
42.08
|
0.78
|
0.05
|
T3G6
|
8.13 (3.02)
|
0.20
|
41.64
|
0.18
|
2.40
|
0.18
|
0.04
|
39.56
|
41.30
|
42.97
|
0.70
|
0.06
|
T1
|
66.90 (8.22)
|
3.47
|
20.85
|
1.48
|
4.86
|
2.14
|
3.19
|
15.19
|
18.54
|
24.06
|
2.55
|
1.70
|
T2
|
21.23 (4.71)
|
0.73
|
29.88
|
0.47
|
3.37
|
0.55
|
0.27
|
25.71
|
28.76
|
32.49
|
1.71
|
0.36
|
T3
|
5.30 (2.48)
|
0.14
|
39.71
|
0.12
|
2.53
|
0.13
|
0.02
|
37.76
|
39.20
|
40.68
|
0.72
|
0.04
|
G1
|
28.50 (4.89)
|
1.37
|
30.72
|
0.63
|
3.57
|
0.9
|
1.02
|
26.99
|
29.32
|
32.91
|
1.62
|
0.62
|
G2
|
32.96 (5.27)
|
1.53
|
29.68
|
0.73
|
3.59
|
0.99
|
1.29
|
25.71
|
28.29
|
32.15
|
1.49
|
0.66
|
G3
|
28.13 (4.92)
|
1.32
|
29.07
|
0.63
|
3.66
|
0.86
|
0.92
|
25.55
|
27.59
|
31.10
|
1.80
|
0.69
|
G4
|
26.21 (4.74)
|
1.27
|
28.80
|
0.59
|
3.72
|
0.85
|
0.87
|
25.22
|
27.41
|
30.61
|
1.55
|
0.58
|
G5
|
33.13 (5.30)
|
1.54
|
30.62
|
0.73
|
3.60
|
1.03
|
1.36
|
26.74
|
29.47
|
32.44
|
1.87
|
0.84
|
G6
|
37.92 (5.70)
|
1.63
|
31.98
|
0.84
|
3.37
|
1.01
|
1.49
|
27.10
|
30.92
|
35.26
|
1.62
|
0.81
|
Mean
|
31.14 (5.14)
|
1.44
|
30.14
|
0.69
|
3.59
|
0.94
|
1.16
|
26.22
|
28.83
|
32.41
|
1.66
|
0.70
|
SEM (±)
|
1.16 (0.16)
|
0.06
|
0.51
|
0.02
|
0.09
|
0.05
|
0.08
|
0.47
|
0.58
|
0.74
|
0.10
|
0.06
|
CD
|
3.17 (0.30)
|
0.16
|
1.44
|
0.07
|
0.27
|
0.13
|
0.24
|
1.35
|
1.66
|
2.11
|
0.28
|
0.16
|
G%- germination percent; GI- germination index; MGT- mean germination time; MDG mean days to germination; CVG coefficient of velocity of germination; PV- peak value; GV- germination value; DG25% - days to 25 % germination; DG50%- days to 50 % germination; DG75%- days to 75 % germination; RDL- radical length (cm); SVI- seed vigor index
# T1- 5°C; T2- 15°C; T3- 25°C; G1- EC968466; G2- EC968467; G3- EC968468; G4- EC968469; G5- EC968470; G6- EC966538
$ Square root transformed analysis values are given in parenthesis
Table 6. Analysis of variance for different seedling survival traits.
Source of variation
|
Degree of freedom
|
Mean sum of squares (MS)
|
SSR
|
PH
|
NL
|
LL
|
LW
|
RL
|
RD
|
Genotypes
|
5
|
374.24**
|
2.90**
|
1.68**
|
6.35**
|
4.61**
|
6.39**
|
2.56**
|
Media
|
5
|
6290.57**
|
500.19**
|
2.97**
|
69.40**
|
17.71**
|
95.53**
|
12.94**
|
Genotype × Media
|
25
|
12.86**
|
0.65*
|
0.26
|
0.11
|
0.41**
|
1.27**
|
0.06
|
Error
|
108
|
12.83
|
0.41
|
0.31
|
0.18
|
0.17
|
0.19
|
0.09
|
SSR- Seedling survival rate, PH- Plant height (cm); NL- No. of leaves; LL- Leaf length (cm); LW- Leaf width (cm); RL- Root length (cm); RD- Root diameter (mm)
* Significant at 0.05 level
** Significant at 0.01 level
Table 7. Means of various seedling survival parameters by six different accessions of Ferula assa-foetida in six different media mixtures.
Accessions#
|
Seedling survival rate (%)
|
Plant height (cm)
|
Number of leaves
|
Leaf length (cm)
|
Leaf width (cm)
|
Root length (cm)
|
Root diameter (mm)
|
M1G1
|
64.75
|
11.23
|
4.30
|
6.20
|
4.50
|
7.70
|
4.44
|
M1G2
|
64.00
|
12.40
|
4.50
|
5.90
|
4.60
|
8.00
|
3.59
|
M1G3
|
60.50
|
11.88
|
4.80
|
5.80
|
4.40
|
7.50
|
4.10
|
M1G4
|
54.00
|
12.30
|
4.50
|
5.30
|
5.00
|
7.50
|
3.73
|
M1G5
|
62.00
|
11.43
|
4.50
|
5.90
|
4.70
|
8.50
|
4.43
|
M1G6
|
65.50
|
11.38
|
4.50
|
6.80
|
5.40
|
7.70
|
4.45
|
M2G1
|
83.00
|
14.38
|
4.50
|
8.20
|
5.20
|
9.10
|
5.02
|
M2G2
|
85.00
|
14.05
|
5.50
|
8.00
|
5.20
|
8.90
|
4.28
|
M2G3
|
81.50
|
13.85
|
5.30
|
7.40
|
4.70
|
8.50
|
4.54
|
M2G4
|
73.00
|
14.00
|
4.80
|
7.20
|
4.30
|
8.20
|
4.21
|
M2G5
|
82.22
|
14.93
|
5.30
|
8.00
|
6.00
|
9.10
|
5.00
|
M2G6
|
82.50
|
14.68
|
5.30
|
8.70
|
6.00
|
8.00
|
4.71
|
M3G1
|
77.00
|
13.03
|
4.80
|
7.10
|
5.00
|
8.30
|
4.89
|
M3G2
|
77.00
|
13.05
|
5.50
|
6.70
|
5.00
|
8.30
|
4.36
|
M3G3
|
74.50
|
12.78
|
5.30
|
6.70
|
5.10
|
7.40
|
4.46
|
M3G4
|
67.00
|
12.73
|
4.50
|
6.30
|
4.60
|
7.30
|
4.63
|
M3G5
|
75.22
|
13.78
|
4.50
|
6.80
|
5.40
|
8.00
|
5.13
|
M3G6
|
76.50
|
13.63
|
5.50
|
7.70
|
5.30
|
7.00
|
5.14
|
M4G1
|
91.50
|
21.58
|
5.30
|
9.30
|
6.70
|
12.70
|
5.79
|
M4G2
|
89.61
|
21.00
|
5.50
|
9.40
|
6.70
|
11.30
|
5.11
|
M4G3
|
88.53
|
21.05
|
5.50
|
8.70
|
6.10
|
10.70
|
5.30
|
M4G4
|
78.00
|
20.88
|
5.00
|
8.30
|
5.70
|
10.80
|
4.92
|
M4G5
|
90.09
|
22.20
|
4.80
|
9.60
|
6.90
|
13.20
|
5.55
|
M4G6
|
84.73
|
22.25
|
5.50
|
10.00
|
7.40
|
12.90
|
5.50
|
M5G1
|
89.00
|
18.33
|
4.50
|
9.10
|
6.20
|
11.70
|
5.54
|
M5G2
|
91.50
|
17.93
|
5.50
|
8.90
|
6.20
|
10.30
|
4.82
|
M5G3
|
89.50
|
17.85
|
5.00
|
8.30
|
5.70
|
9.90
|
5.09
|
M5G4
|
79.00
|
17.90
|
4.80
|
8.10
|
5.30
|
9.60
|
4.72
|
M5G5
|
89.72
|
18.85
|
4.80
|
9.20
|
6.90
|
11.80
|
5.31
|
M5G6
|
87.25
|
18.73
|
5.80
|
9.80
|
6.90
|
12.00
|
5.28
|
M6G1
|
46.50
|
8.33
|
4.30
|
5.20
|
3.80
|
6.70
|
3.67
|
M6G2
|
48.50
|
8.68
|
4.50
|
4.70
|
3.90
|
7.00
|
2.79
|
M6G3
|
43.00
|
8.28
|
4.50
|
4.80
|
3.90
|
6.90
|
3.31
|
M6G4
|
41.00
|
8.93
|
4.30
|
4.30
|
4.40
|
6.40
|
3.01
|
M6G5
|
49.00
|
9.68
|
4.50
|
4.70
|
4.80
|
7.40
|
3.56
|
M6G6
|
51.00
|
9.48
|
4.30
|
5.60
|
5.00
|
6.70
|
3.68
|
M1
|
61.79
|
11.77
|
4.52
|
5.98
|
4.77
|
7.82
|
4.12
|
M2
|
81.20
|
14.32
|
5.12
|
7.92
|
5.23
|
8.63
|
4.63
|
M3
|
74.54
|
13.17
|
5.02
|
6.88
|
5.07
|
7.72
|
4.77
|
M4
|
87.08
|
21.49
|
5.27
|
9.22
|
6.58
|
11.93
|
5.36
|
M5
|
87.66
|
18.27
|
5.07
|
8.90
|
6.20
|
10.88
|
5.13
|
M6
|
46.50
|
8.90
|
4.40
|
4.88
|
4.30
|
6.85
|
3.34
|
G1
|
75.29
|
14.48
|
4.62
|
7.52
|
5.23
|
9.37
|
4.89
|
G2
|
75.94
|
14.52
|
5.17
|
7.27
|
5.27
|
8.97
|
4.16
|
G3
|
72.92
|
14.28
|
5.07
|
6.95
|
4.98
|
8.48
|
4.47
|
G4
|
65.33
|
14.46
|
4.65
|
6.58
|
4.88
|
8.30
|
4.20
|
G5
|
74.71
|
15.15
|
4.73
|
7.37
|
5.78
|
9.67
|
4.83
|
G6
|
74.58
|
15.03
|
5.15
|
8.10
|
6.00
|
9.05
|
4.79
|
Mean
|
73.13
|
14.65
|
4.90
|
7.30
|
5.36
|
8.97
|
4.56
|
SEM (±)
|
1.77
|
0.29
|
0.27
|
0.21
|
0.20
|
0.22
|
0.15
|
CD
|
3.00
|
0.53
|
0.47
|
0.36
|
0.34
|
0.36
|
0.25
|
# M1 to M6- different media mixtures (Table 1); G1- EC968466; G2- EC968467; G3- EC968468; G4- EC968469; G5- EC968470; G6- EC966538