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ISSN : 1229-0653

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Vol.27 No.3
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과제 수행 능력의 부족에 대한 몰이해: Kruger와 Dunning(1999)의 학업 분야에서의 반복 연구

Unawareness of One's Own Task Incompetence: Replication of Kruger and Dunning (1999) in the Academic Domain

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2013, v.27 no.3, pp.59-73
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.3.004
박상희 (충북대학교)
박상희. (2013). 과제 수행 능력의 부족에 대한 몰이해: Kruger와 Dunning(1999)의 학업 분야에서의 반복 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 27(3), 59-73, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.3.004
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초록

Kruger와 Dunning(1999)은 특정 분야에서 과제 수행 능력이 부족한 사람일수록 자신의 수행을 실제보다 더 긍정적으로 추정함을 보였다. 이 연구에서는 학부 수업에서 진행한 자료 수집을 통해, 이 소위 Dunning-Kruger 효과를 현실의 학업 맥락에서 반복 검증하였다. 학생들은 기말에 치러진 시험 직후에 자신의 객관적인 수행을 추정하였다. 이 추정과 실제 점수를 비교한 결과 Dunning-Kruger 효과가 관찰되었다. 시험 준비에 들인 노력은 실제 점수를 증가시킴으로써 과대 추정을 감소시키는 간접 효과와 과대 추정을 증가시키는 직접 효과를 모두 나타냈다. Dunning-Kruger 효과가 지각된 어려움에 의해 나타난 인위물(artifact)이라는 대안 설명은 뒷받침되지 않았으며, 수행의 추정이 얼마나 구체적이거나 추상적인 수준에서 이루어지는지는 과대 추정 정도에서의 유의미한 차이로 이어지지 않았다. 종합하면 본 연구의 결과는 Dunning-Kruger 효과의 설명 중 ‘평균으로의 회귀’ 설명(Krueger & Mueller, 2002)이나 ‘과제 난이도’ 설명(Burson, Larrick, & Klayman, 2006)보다는 Kruger와 Dunning(1999)의 ‘메타 인지’ 설명에 더 일치하는 결과를 보이고 있다. 다른 대안 설명의 가능성과 한계, 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords
수행, 메타인지, 자기평가, 과잉확신, performance, metacognition, self-evaluation, overconfidence

Abstract

Kruger and Dunning (1999) demonstrated that those who are less competent in a specific domain are more likely to overestimate their performance. In the current research, this so-called Dunning-Kruger effect was replicated in a real-life academic context with data collection in an undergraduate course. Right after the final exam, students estimated their performance. Comparisons of these estimates with actual scores revealed Dunning-Kruger effect. A pattern emerged in which, effort in exam preparation had both an indirect, decreasing effct and a direct, increasing effect on overestimation. An alternative explanation of Dunning-Kruger effect that it is an artifact caused by perceived difficulty was not supported, and whether performance estimation was made at a more specific or a more abstract level did not lead to a significant difference in the degree of overestimation. In sum, the results of this study is more consistent with Kruger and Dunning's (1999) ‘metacognition’ account than either ‘regression to the mean’ account (Krueger & Mueller, 2002) or ‘task difficulty’ account (Burson, Larrick, & Klayman, 2006). Alternative explanations, limitations of the study, and future directions are discussed.

keywords
수행, 메타인지, 자기평가, 과잉확신, performance, metacognition, self-evaluation, overconfidence

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