Abstract
A novel gold nanoprobe for a sensitive and simple determination of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was designed on the basis of homogeneous detection and a peptide cleavage reaction. The gold nanoprobe (AuNPs-peptide-Ru1) consisted of a specific peptide tagged with a ruthenium(II) complex (Ru1) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with the peptide via the strong Au–S bond between the AuNPs surface and the thiol group of the peptide. The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) enzymatic-cleavage-reaction-based bioanalytic system based on homogeneous detection has overcome shortcomings from a complicated fabrication process of traditional electrodes. In the presence of the target PSA, it specifically cleaved the peptide of the AuNPs-peptide-Ru1, and the ECL signal substance (Ru1) part dissociated from AuNPs-peptide-Ru1. This resulted in an increase in the ECL intensity. The ECL biosensor could detect PSA concentrations in the range from 1.0 × 10–12 to 1.0 × 10–9 g/mL, the detection limit was 4.0 × 10–13 g/mL. The assay with the advantages of a simple method for PSA was selective and fast. It is superior to the immunoassay, and is a promising strategy to develop biosensors based on enzymatic cleavage including electrochemistry and optics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. C. Barton, F. Davis, and S. P. Higson, Anal. Chem., 2008, 80, 6198.
E. P. Diamandis, Clin. Chem., 2000, 46, 896.
B. Acevedo, Y. Perera, M. Ruiz, G. Rojas, J. BeniTez, M. Ayala, and J. Gavilondo, Clin. Chim. Acta, 2002, 317, 55.
J. J. Liang, C. Z. Yao, X. Q. Li, Z. Wu, C. H. Huang, Q. Q. Fu, C. F. Lan, D. L. Cao, and Y. Tang, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2015, 69, 128.
Z. Feng, J. Zhou, D. Chen, S. M. Wang, X. J. Wang, and S. S. Xie, Chin. J. Lumin., 2015, 36, 1064.
F. Yu, B. Persson, S. Löfås, and W. Knoll, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76, 6765.
H. Pei, S. Zhu, M. Yang, R. Kong, Y. Zheng, and F. Qu, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2015, 74, 909.
D. D. Xu, Y. L. Deng, C. Y. Li, Y. Lin, and H. W. Tang, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2017, 87, 81.
C. Cao, X. Li, J. Lee, and S. J. Sim, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2009, 24, 1292.
G. A. Suaifan, C. Esseghaier, A. Ng, and M. Zourob, Analyst, 2013, 138, 3735.
X. L. Liu, R. Yuan, and Y. Q. Chai, J. Instrum. Anal., 2013, 32, 1081.
Z. Tang, L. Wang, and Z. Ma, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2017, 92, 577.
Z. Tang, Y. Fu, and Z. Ma, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2017, 94, 394.
G. Shi, B. J. Tang, X. Wang, L. X. Zhao, and J. M. Lin, Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 2007, 35, 1541.
K. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Lv, Z. Z. Lin, M. J. Li, and D. P. Tang, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2018, 101, 159.
X. Wang, R. Xu, X. Sun, Y. Wang, X. Ren, and B. Du, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2017, 96, 239.
H. Ma, Y. Zhao, L. Li, H. Wang, and Q. Wei, Talanta, 2018, 188, 729.
J. Zhang, H. L. Qi, Z. J. Li, N. Zhang, Q. Gao, and C. X. Zhang, Anal. Chem., 2015, 87, 6510.
G. Jung and A. G. Beck-Sickinger, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1992, 31, 367.
B. Lewandowski, G. D. Bo, J. W. Ward, M. Papmeyer, S. Kuschel, M. J. Aldegunde, P. M. E. Gramlich, D. Heckmann, S. M. Goldup, D. M. D'Souza, A. E. Fernandes, and D. A. Leigh, Science, 2013, 339, 189.
N. Zhao, Y. He, X. Mao, Y. Sun, X. Zhang, C. Li, Y. Lin, and G. Liu, Electrochem. Commun., 2010, 12, 471.
Z. Wang, X. H. Li, D. Feng, L. H. Li, W. Shi, and H. M. Ma, Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 7719.
X. Liu, M. Dong, H. Qi, Q. Gao, and C. Zhang, Anal. Chem., 2016, 88, 8720.
D. G. Duff, A. Baikera, and P. P. Edwards, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 1, 96.
T. Zhao, R. Liu, X. Ding, J. Zhao, H. Yu, L. Wang, X. Qing, W. Xuan, X. H. Lou, M. He, and Y. Xiao, Anal. Chem., 2015, 87, 7712.
W. J. Miao and A. J. Bard, Anal. Chem., 2003, 75, 5825.
X. Mao, A. Gurung, H. Xu, M. Baloda, Y. Q. He, and G. D. Liu, Anal. Sci., 2014, 30, 637.
T. Shimdzu, T. Iyoda, and K. Izaki, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 642.
H. L. Qi, M. Li, M. M. Dong, S. P. Ruan, Q. Gao, and C. X. Zhang, Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 1372.
G. A. Suaifan, C. Esseghaier, A. Ng, and M. Zourob, Analyst, 2013, 138, 3735.
S. W. Lee, J. H. Lee, H. G. Kwon, T. Laurell, O. C. Jeong, and S. Kim, Anal. Sci., 2018, 34, 317.
Acknowledgments
The Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Nos. 2018JM2040 and 18SCX005), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21703134) are greatly acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Z., Wang, S., Fan, X. et al. A Novel Gold Nanoprobe for a Simple Electrochemiluminescence Determination of a Prostate-specific Antigen Based on a Peptide Cleavage Reaction. ANAL. SCI. 35, 195–199 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.18P377
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.18P377