Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characteristics of the Calibration Curves of Copper for the Rapid Sorting of Steel Scrap by Means of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy under Ambient Air Atmospheres

  • Published:
Analytical Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For the rapid and precise sorting of steel scrap with relatively high contents of copper, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising method. It has several advantages such that it can work under ambient air atmospheres, and specimens can be tested without any pretreatment, such as acid digestion, polishing of the surface of the specimens, etc. For the application of LIBS for actual steel scrap, we obtained emission spectra by an LIBS system, which was mainly comprised of an Nd:YAG laser, an Echelle-type spectrometer, and an ICCD detector. The standard reference materials (SRMs) of JISF FXS 350-352, which are Fe-Cu binary alloy and have certified concentrations of copper, were employed for making calibration lines. Considering spectral interferences from the emission lines of the iron matrix in the alloys, Cu I lines having wavelengths of 324.754 and 327.396 nm could be chosen. In five replicate measurements of each SRM, shorter delay times after laser irradiation and longer gate widths for detecting the transient emission signal are suggested to be the optimal experiment parameters. In the determination process, utilizing the calibration line from Cu I 327.396 nm was better because of less spectral interference. By using 200 pulsed laser shots for the measurement sequence, a limit of detection of 0.004 Cu at% could be obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. The Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-based Society, The Ministry of Environment, Japan, 2000, http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/H12/H12HO110.html.

  2. The Japan Iron and Steel Federation, http://www.jisf.or.jp/data/.

  3. Non-Intergrated Steel Producers Association, http://www.fudenkou.jp/about_03.html.

  4. Uniform Standards of Ferrous Scrap, The Japan Ferrous Raw Materials Association, http://www.tetsugen.gol.com/kikaku/index.htm.

  5. The Society of Materials Science, Japan, http://www.jsms.jp/word/index-kato.html.

  6. L. Savov, E. Volkova, and D. Janke, RMZ - Mater. Geoenviron., 2003, 50, 627.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Kajitani, M. Wakoh, N. Tokumitsu, S. Ogibayashi, and S. Mizoguchi, Tetsu-to-Hagane (in Japanese), 1995, 81, 185.

  8. K. Yamamoto, T. Toh, H. Hamatani, K. Tsunenari, K. Umetsu, Y. Maruki, S. Takeuchi, and Y. Yamada, Engineering Report of Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal (in Japanese), 2012, 394, 69.

  9. T. M. Naeem, H. Matsuta, and K. Wagatsuma, ISIJ Int., 2002, 42, 1318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Kuzuya, M. Murakami, and N. Maruyama, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2003, 58, 957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Ushirozawa and K. Wagatsuma, Anal. Sci., 2006, 22, 1011.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Iida, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1990, 45, 1353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. T. L. Thiem, R. H. Salter, J.A. Gardner, Y. I. Lee, and J. Sneddon, Appl. Scpectrosc., 1994, 48, 4.

    Google Scholar 

  14. L. Fornarini, F. Colao, and R. Fantoni, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2005, 60, 1186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Shimada and K. Wagatsuma, Bunseki Kagaku, 2011, 60, 59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. V. Lazic, F. Brrbini, and R. Fantoni, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2001, 56, 807.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Gupta, B. Suri, and A. Verma, J. Alloys Compd., 2011, 509, 3740.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Garcimuno, M. Pace, and G. Bertuccelli, Opt. Laser Technol., 2013, 47, 26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Sarkar, D. Alamelu, and S. Aggarwal, Opt. Laser Technol., 2013, 47, 30.

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Beatrice, A. David, and A. Sylvestre, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2005, 60, 479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Kashiwakura and K. Wagatsuma, CAMP-ISIJ, 2012, 25, 1264.

    Google Scholar 

  22. L. Zhang and K. Wagastuma, ISIJ Int., 2013, 58, in press.

  23. L. Zhang, S. Kashiwakura, and K. Wagatsuma, Key Eng. Mater., 2012, 508, 331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan

    Shunsuke Kashiwakura & Kazuaki Wagatsuma

Authors
  1. Shunsuke Kashiwakura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kazuaki Wagatsuma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shunsuke Kashiwakura.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kashiwakura, S., Wagatsuma, K. Characteristics of the Calibration Curves of Copper for the Rapid Sorting of Steel Scrap by Means of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy under Ambient Air Atmospheres. ANAL. SCI. 29, 1159–1164 (2013). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.29.1159

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.29.1159

Keywords

Search

Navigation