Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photodegradation and Flow-Injection Determination of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides in Natural Water with Chemiluminescence Detection

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Analytical Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple and rapid flow-injection method is reported for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides (maneb, nabam and thiram) based on chemiluminescence detection. The method involves the photodegradation of dithiocarbamate fungicides via UV light in an alkaline medium. Photoproducts are then reacted with luminol in the absence of an oxidant. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the range 0.01 – 4.0 mg L−1 for maneb and nabam and 0.05 – 1.0 mg L−1 for thiram with relative standard deviations (n = 4) in the range 1.0 – 2.6%. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of maneb, nabam and thiram were 10, 8.0 and 5.0 ng mL−1, respectively, with a sample throughput of 100 h−1. The method was successfully applied to determine these dithiocarbamate fungicides in spiked natural water samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. WHO, Dithiocarbamate Pesticides, Ethylenethiourea and Propylenethiourea: A General Introduction, 1988, WHO, Geneva.

  2. WHO, The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification, WHO/IPCS/IOMC, 2005.

  3. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972 – 1985.

  4. W. C. Harding, Pesticides Profiles, Part Two: Fungicides & Nematicides, Univ. Maryland, Coop. Ext. Service Bull., 1979 – 80, 283, 22.

  5. V. K. Sharma, J. S. Aulakh, and A. K. Malik, J. Environ. Monit., 2003, 5, 717.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. I. R. Edward, D. G. Ferry, and W. A. Temple, in “Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology”, 1991, Academic Press, New York.

  7. V. K. Sharma, J. S. Aulakh, and A. K. Malik, Talanta, 2005, 65, 375.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. O. M. S. Filipe, M. M. Vidal, A. C. Duarte, and E. B. H. Santos, Talanta, 2007, 72, 1235.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Tunceli and A. R. Turker, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2001, 371, 1134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. K. Malik, W. Faubel, J. Kapoor, U. Gupta, and A. L. J. Rao, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2000, 78, 241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Analytical Methods Committee, Analyst, 1981, 106, 782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. P. Maini and R. Boni, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1986, 37, 931.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. M. M. Haque and M. Muneer, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 2005, 12, 68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. M. Garcinuno, P. F. Hernando, and C. Camara, J. Chromatogr., A, 2004, 1043, 225.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. J. S. Aulakh, A. K. Malik, and R. K. Mahajan, Talanta, 2005, 66, 266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D. K. Sharma, N. Verma, J. Singh, K. Prasher, and B. C. Verma, Proc. Control Qual., 1998, 11, 9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. K. Malik and W. Faubel, Anal. Lett., 2000, 33, 2055.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. R. Cassela, S. Garrigues, R. C. de Campos, and M. de la Gaudia, Talanta, 2001, 54, 1087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. T. P. Ruiz, C. M. Lozano, V. Tomas, and R. Casajus, Talanta, 1996, 43, 193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. A. R. Turker and B. Sezer, G. U. Journal of Science, 2005, 18, 93.

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. Kubo, Y. Tsuda, Y. Yoshimura, H. Homma, and H. Nakazawa, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2003, 494, 49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Girotti, E. Maiolini, S. Ghini, E. Ferri, F. Fini, P. Nodet, and S. Eremin, Anal. Lett., 2008, 41, 46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. V. K. Sharma, J. S. Aulakh, and A. K. Malik, J. Environ. Monit., 2003, 5, 717.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. O. H. J. Szolar, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 582, 191.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Waseem, M. Yaqoob, and A. Nabi. Anal. Sci., 2008, 24, 979.

  26. G. Crank and A. Mursyidi, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 1992, 68, 289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. NIST Chemistry WebBook (http://webbook.nist.gov/ chemistry).

  28. R. G. Petasne and R. G. Zika, Nature, 1987, 325, 516.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. S. Andrews, S. Caron, and O. C. Zafiriou, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2000, 45, 267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. C. Bainy and P. Douzou, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1974, 56, 386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Garg, A. L. Rose, and T. D. Waite, Photochem. Photobiol., 2007, 83, 904.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. S. W. Anson, H. P. Roethling, K. B. Cummings, and C. F. Chignell, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1987, 146, 1191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. I. Saito, T. Matsuura, and K. Inoue, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 3200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. G. R. Buettner, FEBS Lett., 1985, 177, 295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. K. Takeshita, C. A. Olea-Azar, M. Mizuno, and T. Ozawa, Antioxid. Redox Signaling, 2000, 2, 355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. M. Shen and Z. Q Wu, “Pharmaceutical Structure and Reagent”, 1989, Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 341.

  37. S. Bano, G. M. Greenway, and R. A. Wheatley, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 541, 91.

    Google Scholar 

  38. G. M. Greenway, T. Leelasttarathkul, S. Liawruangrath, R. A. Wheatley, and N. Youngvises, Analyst, 2006, 131, 501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. B. Philip, D. Shevliann, and A. N. Harold, J. Org. Chem., 1970, 36, 2178.

    Google Scholar 

  40. K. D. Gunderman and F. Mccapra, “Chemiluminescence in Organic Chemistry”, 1996, Springer, Heidelberg.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

    Amir Waseem, Mohammad Yaqoob & Abdul Nabi

Authors
  1. Amir Waseem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Yaqoob
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abdul Nabi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Yaqoob.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Waseem, A., Yaqoob, M. & Nabi, A. Photodegradation and Flow-Injection Determination of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides in Natural Water with Chemiluminescence Detection. ANAL. SCI. 25, 395–400 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.25.395

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.25.395

Search

Navigation