The Implementation of Holistic Education in Muhammadiyah’s Madrasah Indonesia

Holistic education is education which appreciates all of students’ potencies in learning process. This research is aimed at analyzing the implementation of holistic education in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu’allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The research was a descriptive-qualitative approach with data collection techniques: in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The analysis of the data was by reduction, display, and provided conclusions. The result of the research shows that: (1) the implementation of holistic education toward the students of Multilingual program of Madrasah Mu’allimaat was held through four quotients: spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), adversity quotient (AQ), and intellectual quotient (IQ) in which those quotients are integrated to madrasah and boarding. (2) Holistic education has impact on the transformation of the students’ character values, which are (1) intrinsic religiosity with deep faith-planted inside, (2) able to control emotion, self-motivated, care, and well-socialized, (3) the improvement of academic achievement, and (4) tough in facing problems, not easy of being hopeless, stressful, or frustrated.

This article will discuss about the implementation of holistic education in Multilingual Program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Holistic education on this article means education which appreciates all students' quotients. Holistic learning requires attention and potential of students that covers aspects of intellectual, emotional, physical, artistic, spiritual, and creativity. The holistic learning support caring behavior of the student (Widarti, Maimuna, Wulandari, & Bahrudin, 2014).

B. Literature Review 1. Holistic Education
Holistic education in this research is defined as education which appreciates all students' quotients, SQ, EQ, IQ, and AQ. Holistic means to cover all human potencies. It is based on the opinion of Miller and Miller as quoted by Neves. Miller explains that holistic education tries to preserve a whole development of someone's intelligence, emotional, physical, social, esthetic, and spiritual while Miller places all human experiences as a part of holistic education. Holistic educators recognize all aspects of human life basically and interconnected. Education must focus on physics, emotion, social, esthetics/creative, and spiritual quality of each student (Neves, 2009).
Human have two dimensions, physical and spiritual. Human must have emotional, intelligence (intellectual) quotient, and vertical spiritual mastery (good spiritual quotient). Agustian (2001) and Palupi & Tjahuono (2016), in the theory of religiosity, say that religiosity has a role in forming attitude and individual behavior in an organisation. Human with intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual quotient are quality human born from Islamic education womb (Anis, 2013).
In this research, holistic education focused on four quotients: SQ, EQ, IQ, and AQ. According to Gardner, as quoted by Sukmadinata, quotient itself means a form of someone's skill to solve problems, develop new problem to solve then take the useful lesson from the problem faced in life (Sukmadinata, 2007). Al-Qur'an explains smart people are those who always remember Allah when standing, sitting, lying, and thinking (tafakkur) about the creation of the heaven and earth. .

Research of Character Education in Madrasah and School
The following researches can be used as initial view to determine positioning of this research. The human-religious education pattern with madrasah-based culture has impact on (1) increasing actualization of students' religious values marked by the frequency of performing five-time prayers and night prayers followed by dimension of faith, knowledge and diversity, and (2) students' attitude (Subiyantoro, 2010). Love-based education in Pesantren Suryalaya has impact on social, religious, moral, and students' intrapersonal transformations. Students' social transformation such as: respect others, help others, not individualist. Students' religious transformation, such as: being closer to Allah. Moral transformation: being more polite and sincere, and intrapersonal transformation: awareness to have strong willingness of self-improvement (Rahmatullah, 2013) The value in developing character is adversity value. No success can be achieved without hard work or high adversity. High adversity shows toughness and self-confidence in doing many things, avoiding useless activities, in learning, praying, and other activities.
Dinamika Ilmu, Volume 17(2), 2017 The indicator of adversity for the students is able to manage challenging learning and to compete fairly and shows pride for the achievement they obtained (Prihartono, 2015).
The character education held through learning in the class, inserted in the lessons, extracurricular, building school culture, and learning activity conducted by teachers and headmaster can be regarded optimum enough. The planting of character values covering faith, Islam, ihsan, and jihad have been reducted into practical values and supporting exciting learning situation, discipline, interest, and call of rightness, and affected on character values in forming students' personality related to the development of students' morality (Nurlela, 2014).
From several researches above, character education held in some madrasah and schools haven't appreciated students' holistic quotients, spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), intellectual (intelligence) quotient (IQ), and adversity quotient (AQ) integratedly. In this research, those four quotients are named holistic quotient which cover all human potencies. The following researches show how quotients influence someone.
Spiritual quotient guides other quotients. Someone who has spiritual quotient is not only responsive toward the situation, but also she/he realizes to be better (Sinha, 2013). Spiritual quotient has positive influences to the effectiveness and organizational efficiency and self-improvement of a worker (Noroozi & Masumabad, 2015). Emotional quotient can support the improvement of individual's life skills (Gayathri & Meenakshi, 2013). Hema & Gupta explain that adversity quotient is related to someone's ability to handle stress and adversity. Someone who has adversity quotient can overcome adversity well, they can learn and respond problems well and quickly (Hema & Gupta, 2015). Stoltz as quoted by Gupta that AQ is someone's ability (resilience) in facing life, changing obstacles to be chances, able to overcome stress, trauma, and tragedy well (Gupta, 2015).
Based on the references above, the writer can explain the positioning of this research which differ it from previous researches. The focus of this research is the implementation of holistic education on the basis of four quotients SQ, EQ, IQ, and AQ which are students' potencies of multilingual program of madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta that need to be improved and how the impact on the transformation of students' character values. It means that this research focuses more on the planting process of character education that appreciates those four quotients both in madrasah and boarding schools integratedly. This research involved the management of madrasah, teachers, boarding guides, and the students.

C. Research Methodology
This research focused on studying holistic education in boarding-based madrasah in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and how its affects on the transformation of students' character values. This research wanted to explain the implementation of holistic education on the basis of four quotients: spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), intellectual quotient (IQ), and adversity quotient (AQ). Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta was chosen due to its uniqueness as a central of Muhammadiyah regeneration since the era of KH. Ahmad Dahlan until now and it is old enough because it was established in 1918.
This is a qualitative research with phenomenology approach. Qualitative research aims at understanding situation, events, groups, or certain social interaction (Creswell, 2015). Meanwhile, phenomenology approach is a description of general definition of some individuals toward various individual problems of life related to phenomenon (Creswell, 2015). The technique of data collection used deep interview, participative observation, and documentation study. Data validation used Triangulation technique and validation process during data collection through (1) data reduction from interview, observation, and documentation, (2) displaying data, then (3) conclusion and verification to answer the research questions (Creswell, 2015).

D. Findings and Discussion 1. The Implementation of Holistic Education in Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah
This research found four quotients in holistic education in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, which is education sharpening spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), intellectual quotient (IQ), and adversity quotient (AQ). As it was stated by ustadzah Resfiana, ... Multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta prepares and holds education that develops various students' quotients which cover education of spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), intellectual quotient (IQ), and adversity quotient (AQ) regularly every week. That education is held integratedly both in madrasah and in boarding. (Interview with ustadzah Resfiana, 2015) Below is how Mu'allimaat holds holistic education sharpening the four quotients, they are:

a. Education of Spiritual Quotient (SQ)
The term of spiritual quotient in this research doesn't belong to spiritual in western perspective as proposed by (Zohar & Marshall, 2001) in the end of 20 th century, which is quotient to face problems of meaning and values. Quotient to place attitude and human life in a broader and richer context of meaning, and quotient to measure that someone's behavior or way of life is more meaningful compared to others' (Zohar & Mashall, 2001). However, spiritual quotient (SQ) in this research is more meaningful on good relationship between human and God. Agustian (2001) explains SQ as ability to give the meaning of devotion and devoting is only to Allah SWT (Agustian, 2001). Zohar's and Ian Marshal's theory of quotient is still secular and is not suitable to be implemented to analyze spiritualism behaviour in Islam. Western spiritualism is centered in the brain, while Islam is in heart. In term of spiritual brain, he argued that spiritual is centered in heart in spite of brain (Fahmi, 2009).
Education form of spiritual quotient in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu`allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is internalization of spiritual/religious values to students regularly and integrated between madrasah and boarding. The competence developed is religious students' personality which covers: pious, faith, sincerity, and goodness. SQ education is taught seriously to form good morality and mental of the students as the cadre of Muhammadiyah organization.
Based on the result of interview and observation, the writer concludes some activities in Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah which aims at forming Dinamika Ilmu, Volume 17(2), 2017 education of students' spiritual quotient, are (a) reading Quran in Madrasah and boarding, (b) dhuha and tahajud prayers, (c) five-time prayers performed together in the mosque of madrasah/ boarding, (d) sunnah fasting, (e) Muhadharah (religious preaching).

b. Education of Emotional Quotient (EQ)
Education of Emotional Quotient (EQ) is a form of education which plants character values, so that students can manage their emotion well, have good relationship with friends and other people, and control their emotions for goodness. The planting of those values is held integratedly between madrasah and boarding.
According to ustadzah Agustyani Ernawati, Director of Madrasah, (2016) Education of emotional quotient in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is taught since the students enter the madrasah and integrated in madrasah and boarding. Education of emotional quotient has a positive impact on students' emotional development, which are: having empathy, self-awareness, self-regulation, good motivation, and social skills, able to build communication with friends, teachers, staff, and other stakeholders. (Interview with ustadazah Resfiana, 2015).
The result of this research is in line with Goleman (2003) who explains that emotional quotient covers five abilities: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, emphaty, and social skill. While Adz-Dzakiey (2006) notes that some indicators of good EQ are spreading love on earth, understand others' feeling and condition, self-respect and respect others, careful, self-introspection, and friendly with environment.

c. Education of Intellectual/Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Education of intellectual quotient (IQ) is education that sharpen students' intelligence or well-known as cognitive quotient. It is held integratedly in madrasah and boarding regularly, especially in enrichment curriculum. The curriculum structure of Multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is an integration of three curriculums, which are: Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Religion, and special curriculum of multilingual program which consists of study of Muhammadiyah, teachers, leadership, entrepreneurship, tahfid al-Qur'an, and study of Falak. According to Ustadzah Agustyani: Curriculum integration is packed in form of: (a) balance learning structure between religious study (theory and practice) with general knowledge and science, and the mastery of Arabic and English, (b) strengthening the implementation of fundamental Islamic study with education that leads to the formation of prime personality of the students, and (c) long life education with model approach, intelligence, events, and leadership skills.

d. Education of Adversity Quotient
Education of Adversity Quotient (AQ) means a form of education to train students' resilience in overcoming problems well, not easy to give up, stressful, or frustrated. According to Stoltz as quoted by Gupta, "...AQ is the science of human resilience, i.e capacity of people to cope with stress and adversity. AQ can also be referred as the ability of the person to adapt well to stress, adversity, trauma, or tragedy" (Gupta, 2015).
Based on the result of the research, the researcher concludes that instilling the character values of adversity is integrated in events of madrasah and boarding (Interview with ustadzah Resfiana, 2015) and it is not separated from other quotients (SQ, EQ, and IQ). The following activities are held to sharpen students' AQ: (1) using Arabic and English language as a habit, (2) Baitul Arqom, (3) guidance of special cadre, (4) Taruna Melati program, (5) job training, (6) TOT/leadership, and (7) Scout training Hizbul Wathan (HW). The use of Arabic and English language, guidance and training in some organization are intended to train students' AQ and train their mental in dealing with organizational problems. Ustadzah Agustyani said "Organizational activities can instill the values of AQ and beneficial in sharpening the spirit of leadership." (Interview with ustadzah Agustyani Ernawati, 2016) The positive impact of AQ education is to transform students' AQ, such as: (1) training spirit and being tough in dealing with life problems, (2) selfresilience, (3) caring and devotion, and (4) a place to actualize their knowledge to the community around them.
From the discussions above, it can be concluded that holistic education in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta really appreciates the four quotients, SQ, EQ, IQ, and AQ. The internalization of holistic education observed in daily activities integrated between madrasah and boarding can be seen below. It is scheduled at 03.00am-09.30pm. (interview with ustadzah Agustyani Ernawati, 2016) According to the table of activities above, it can be concluded that Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta has appreciated students' potencies comprehensively which cover four quotients: SQ, EQ, IQ, and AQ. This holistic education is integrated in formal madrasah and informal boarding educational activities under the guidance of the teachers and boarding principle. Holistic education in Mu'allimaat has positive impact on students' character values and there's transformation of religious values, social values/empathy, improvement of students' academic achievement and spirit of resilience. The students have religious behaviors (faith and good deeds), social spirit, diligent, tough, sufficient knowledge to survive and balanced paradigm and life style worldly and heavenly to face the obstacles of life in this global era. (Interview with students, 2016)

The Impact of Holistic Education Toward the Transformation of Mu'allimaat Students' Character
This research found holistic education in Madrasah Mu'alimaat Muhammadiyah has impact on the transformation of students' characters which cover intrinsic spiritual character, emotional (social), intellectual (academic achievement), and resilience values. The following is the transformation of students' characters after obtaining holistic education through integrated activities in madrasah and boarding:

a. Transformation of Spiritual Quotient Values
Based on the result of deep interview with some students of multilingual program, it can be concluded that spiritual transformation experienced by the students are (1) feeling happier and understand about religious study, feeling closer to Allah SWT, more focus in praying to Allah, get used to with sunnah practices and more diligent in doing obligatory practices both in madrasah and in boarding. This kind of transformation is named intrinsic spiritual transformation, in which religious values are instilled deep inside the students' hearts and they are more able to define the meaning of devotion as the obligation of Muslims. Hawari said as quoted by Asy'arie that "intrinsic religiosity is practicing religion by inserting religious values into one self." Religious values and teachings are deeply infused into the souls of the followers. Ritual devotion is not only meaningless practices, but its influences in daily behaviors (Asya'rie, 2012). Some examples of experiences of intrinsic religiosity transformation of Mu'allimaat students Muhammadiyah as spoken to the writer: Aurora Grachiella Geraldine feels comfort studying in madrasah because ustadzah always motivates her not to be tired in striving for her achievement. Aurora likes it when she gets more experiences in SQ. Aurora said students have religious activities to instill spiritual quotient such as: Dhuha prayer, Qiyam al-lail, dan Holy Qur'an Day in Madrasah. Aurora also said she felt comfort studying in madrasah. (Interview with Aurora Grachiella Geraldine, 2016) Baituva explains some educational activities of spiritual quotient in Muallimaat: (1) morning pray together with different scheduled leader of the class (2) performing Dhuha prayer together with different leader from each class (3) reading Quran every morning (4) students listen to adzan then pray together. (Interview with Baituva, 2016) Laila feels many changes in herself. For example more independent, brave to take decision, initiative, and responsible for her own choice. Besides, her knowledge and religious behaviours are also improved. (Interview with Laila Hanifah, 2016)

b. Transformation of emotional quotient values
The students' transformation of emotional quotient values tends more on management of self-emotion and better change of social attitude, such as able to recognise self-emotion, able to manage heart, self-motivated, care, and have good relationship with friend in madrasah/boarding.

c. Transformation of Intelligence Quotient Values
The formal learning of education of intellectual quotient in Madrasah Mu'allimaat uses three curriculums: Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Religion, and special curriculum of Multilingual program which covers the study of Muhammadiyah, teachers, leadership, entrepreneurship, tahfid al-Qur'an, and Falak. The impact of intellectual quotient education is more pressured on the mastery of knowledge, science, logical and critical thinking.
Here are examples of students' experiences of the impact of intellectual quotient (IQ) education in Madrasah Mu'allimaat: Naougy Hurun Ain, feels many changes after studying in Mu'allimaat, such as paradigm, patience, logical and critical thinking. Alhamdulillah through such educational method, Naougy can improve her brain work, comfort when praying, diligent, and excited so that her academic and non-academic achievement improved. (Interview with Naougy Hurun Ain, 2016) Aurora Grachiella Geraldine feels changes in herself when she studies in madrasah Mu'allimaat, such as improvement of religiosity, able to control emotion more than before, resilience, and satisfying academic achievement. The quotient she has, is very helpful in mastering Arabic and English language, and every lesson she studies. (Interview with Aurora Grachiella Geraldine, 2016)

d. Transformation of Adversity Quotient Values
Some students of multilingual program in Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah experience self-transformation related to resilience in facing problems during study. For example: more mature in dealing with problems, easy to adapt, brave to have public speaking. Below is example of student's experience about the impact of AQ education in Madrasah Mu'allimaat: Naougy Hurun Ain feels ustadz and ustadzah in Mu'allimaat teach the students by using Islamic perspective in the teaching and learning process. They have discussions with logical approach based on Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadis. Even, sometimes ustadzah doesn't directly give the solution in handling a problem, but let the students think themselves how to find the solution of the problem independently. (Interview with Naougy Hurun Ain, 2016) Adna Tabriza: studying in Mu'allimaat with boarding school system is something new for her and becomes a mean to train her maturity. Long-distance life from her parents makes her to be responsible for herself and take care of herself. Adna wasn't sure at first whether she could pass it through studying in Mu'allimaat. However, after following the process of learning, Adna is surer she can do it. (Interview withAdna Tabriza, 2016) Risti Zahroh feels braver in facing problems, easy to adapt, brave to have public speaking, likes challenges or new things during her study in Multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Yogyakarta. (Interview with Risti Zahroh, 2016) Based on students' experiences above, it can be concluded that holistic education in Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta has impact on the transformation of students' character values holistically which cover spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), intellectual quotient (IQ), and adversity quotient (AQ). This explanation is briefly described in the following chart: Figure. 1 The Impact of Holistic Education in Multilingual Program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Toward the Transformation of Students' Characters

E. Conclusion
Based on the discussions above, it can be concluded that: first, the implementation of holistic education in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu'allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta instills integratedly the four quotients which are spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), adversity quotient (AQ), and intellectual quotient (IQ) in madrasah and boarding under the guidance of teachers, ustadzah and boarding principle. Second, holistic education brings positive impact on the transformation of students' character values, such as: (1) students' values of intrinsic religiosity (SQ) by instilling values of faith deeply and affect students' daily behaviors, (2) instilling students' emotional quotient (EQ): able to control emotion well, self-motivation, caring others,

Holistic Education
Emotional Quotient

(EQ)
Holistic Education on the basis of four quotients SQ, EQ, IQ, and AQ has impact on the transformation of students' character values as follow: (1) intrinsic religiosity values (SQ): instilling religiosity values deeply that affects students' behaviours, (2) values of emotional quotient (EQ) : emphaty, helpful, good self-awareness, able to manage heart and emotion, motivation, and communicate well (3)