Measurement and Analysis of Differences in The Impact of The Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) Based on The Mann Whitney Test.

. This research is a non-parametric statistical measurement form which use the Mann Whitney Test. The aim is to determine whether or not there are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB as a result of Covid-19 pandemic in the Surabaya, Gresik and Sidoarjo areas through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews, a sample of 134 people who were distributed in the 3 regions obtained. From the results of repeated simulations, measurements and testing to answer existing hypotheses, it can be seen that there are 3 things that are the conclusions of this study. The first conclusion, that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas, which use α = 5%, the value obtained Z count = -0.65745 is higher than Z tabel = +/- 1.96. It is in the receiving area which means H 0 or the hypothesis that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation between Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas cannot be rejected. The second conclusion, that there are differences in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Surabaya and Gresik areas with the result that the value of Z count = -2.28792 is lower than Z table . The same thing happened in the third test, there was a significant difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in Sidoarjo and Gresik areas. Furthermore, in the descriptive analysis, there are several factors were found which effect the three tests result, as follows: geographic, demographic, social, cultural and employment factors.


Introduction
Development is a matter of concern for many individuals, groups, communities and nations in general (Catur Sugiyanto, 2019).If an economy wants to progress, the economy must invest (Rahardja and Manurung, 2008).At the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020, Indonesia is optimistic about its economic development plans, poverty alleviation, employment, unemployment reduction, national output growth, investment realization, monetary stability, and all other macroeconomic indicators.The government also sets an economic growth rate of 5,3% in 2020.This is a realistic expectation given the previous achievements and Indonesia's macroeconomic conditions in 2019.The facts show different things.Before all those hopes and dreams came true, there was an epidemic.Coronavirus disease that was discovered in 2019, infectious disease caused by the corona virus.A new type of disease found in 2019.Gobally, the corona virus disease pandemic has begun since the end of 2019 (Freddy Mutiara, Ambang Priyonggo, 2020).At first everyone thought that Covid-19 was common.Next, not slow but sure.but,fast and sure, Covid-19 not only crippled public health but also crippled the people's economy.Finally, almost the whole world calls it the Covid-19 pandemic.This in turn gave rise to an economic pandemic.
PSBB application.Further research can be done if you want to get more analysis results.
Based on this research, it can be continued by taking measurements on the basis of different measurement tools according to the desired objectives.Furthermore, in order to obtain good measurement results and analysis results, of course several concepts are needed to support this.
Globalization has also brought cultural integration into a complex business environment by contributing to the development of a globally oriented consumer culture (Cleveland, Rojas, Laroche, Papadopoulus, 2016).In the current global era, the world is developing dynamically and will continue to change without anyone being able to regulate the pace (Octavia, Indra, Hery, Firman, 2019).Related economic growth, then, there are terms which are almost the same and which are often used together, economic development and economic growth.In simple terms, development is often understood as from nothing to being, which means creating or making something.If economic development, of course, means making something in the economic field.Furthermore, for growth, it simply means that there is a process of increasing capacity from one period to the next, with the same unit, namely percent.Growth measurements can be made with formulations, X t -X t-1 ---------------* 100% = Y% (1) X t-1 Economic growth, of course, is a process of increasing output capacity from one period to the next in percentage units.Output is the acquisition of the results of economic development, which means that it can be taken from income figures.It could be GDP, it could be GNP, or something else.Along with the development of measurement methods, there are now very various patterns of measuring economic growth.And what is certain is that at a theoretical level the value of this growth becomes very important along with the process of implementing economic development and the constraints it faces, because the value of this growth will later become one of the anatomical components of a region, whether it be a state or a region.An overview of Indonesia's economic growth can be seen in Table 1 and Table 2.  PSBB is a policy implemented by the government in an area in handling a problem.There is a legal basis that governs PSBB.There is Law which regulates Health Quarantine (UU No. 6/2018).In East Java, the provincial government issued which Large-Scale Social Restriction (Pergub Jatim No. 18/2020), as well as Government Regulation which concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the context of Accelerating Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (PP No. 21/2020).In addition there is also the Minister of Health which regulates the guidelines for implementing PSBB (Permenkes No. 9/2020).According to the Permenkes, it is explained that the PSBB is implemented during the longest incubation period of Covid-19, which is 14 days and can be extended if there is evidence of spread.Furthermore, for the city and district area, the Sidoarjo Regency Government has issued Regent Regulation (Perbup No. 31/2020).According to the regent's regulation, the PSBB was implemented for the first time in Sidoarjo on Tuesday, April 28, 2020.The community called it PSBB Volume I which was enforced for 14 days.Then continued Volume II for the next 14 days.In simple terms, it can be understood that the PSBB is carried out by local governments at both the provincial and district / city levels after obtaining approval from the Minister of Health through a Ministerial Decree that follows (Bambang Budiarto, 2020a).The implementation of the PSBB in East Java Province is coordinated by the East Java Provincial Government, therefore the PSBB adoption in Sidoarjo was finally carried out simultaneously with Surabaya and Gresik.Be with the name PSBB Surabaya Raya.Of course, quite a lot of changes and quite a lot of adjustments have been made along with the implementation of this PSBB.There are areas that are affected and there are areas that are not really affected.There are community groups that are affected and there are also groups in society that are not really affected.The impact is because everything is under restrictions.Driving is limited by the number of passengers, opening food stalls has limited operating hours, entertainment places have limited operating hours, etc. Everything is completely limited which ultimately hampers economic movement.At the macroeconomic level, the cessation of economic movements will of course impede public cash flow.

Method
Paying attention to several performance measurement tools, now there are several performance measurement tools (Bambang Budiarto, Firman Rosjadi, 2019).And, The Mann Whitney Test is one of them.This research with the aim of knowing whether or not there is a difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Sidoarjo Surabaya and Gresik uses data obtained through distributing questionnaires in the three regions.Of the 75 questionnaires distributed per region, 40 were returned to Sidoarjo.59 returned questionnaires in Surabaya, and 35 returned questionnaires in Gresik.The recapitulation of data acquisition is shown in Table 3. Taking into account the research objectives with the acquisition of these data, a two-sample free test will be carried out using non-parametric statistics.It is said to be free because the existence of each sample is independent of one another.The test for the difference between two samples can actually be done with the t test in the parametric statistical method.This can be done provided that the data type is interval or ratio and follows a normal distribution or at least is considered normal.If one of these conditions is not fulfilled, for example data is of nominal or ordinal type, or for example data is of type interval or ratio but is not normally distributed, then the t test must be replaced with non-parametric statistics which are intended for two independent samples.And this is the case that is faced in this study, in the end we have to use non-parametric statistics, with the option of the Mann Whitney test.The first step is done by compiling a hypothesis, H 0 : the impact of implementing the PSBB is no different.H 1 : the impact of implementing the PSBB is different.Furthermore, the basis for decision making is to compare the Z count value and Z tabel value.If Z count < Z tabel then H 0 is accepted.If Z count > Z tabel then H 0 is rejected.In statistics, there are several patterns of decision making, this too can be done by looking at the probability values.If probability > 0.05 then H 0 is accepted.If the probability < 0.05 then H 0 is rejected.The steps that must be done, of course, are measuring the Z count value and finding the Z table value.This research will be conducted with a confidence level of 95% and the test will be two-sided.

Result and Discussion
Obtaining data from preliminary research can be done by empowering primary data obtained through questionnaires and interviews with random samples of business actors in economic activity units in several areas where the activities of economic activity units are carried out in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province.The method or approach was chosen because this method can be done in the process of collecting primary data, using questionnaires, interviews, and so on (Suryani & Hendriyadi, 2015).There are 3 cities; Sidoarjo, Surabaya, and Gresik, where the impact of PSBB implementation will be seen or not.Therefore a simulation will be carried out by measuring and testing 3 times: a).Simulation 1: to determine whether there is a difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Sidoarjo and Surabaya.b).Simulation 2: to determine whether there are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Surabaya and Gresik.c).Simulation 3: to determine whether there is a difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Gresik and in Sidoarjo.All of these measurements can be done quickly with the help of various statistical software, including SPSS.With the consideration in order to obtain a better known result in the order of execution, in this paper it is shown that manual calculations must be carried out on the 134 collected questionnaires.In the initial stage, the 134 collected questionnaires were divided into 3 parts as shown in Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6.Before taking further measurements, what needs to be done first is to formulate a hypothesis, H 0 : there is no difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Sidoarjo and Surabaya.H 1 : There are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Sidoarjo and Surabaya.Furthermore, the basis for decision making is to compare the Z count value and the Z table value.If Z count < Z table then H 0 is accepted and if Z count > Z table then H 0 is rejected (Damodar Gujarati, 2016).The first step is to determine the ranking value.Simulation Rank 1 value can be obtained by way of all respondents arranged from the choice of impact.
From the smallest to the largest.From 1 to 5.After the respondents have grouped sequentially into the same impact choices, they are added up and then their average is calculated.In this case (Table 4), respondents 1 to 11 are respondents with the same impact, namely very unaffected, with a score of 1.So (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11) / 11 = 6.This is the first ranking value.And so on until you find the next ranking values; 20.5; 37; 64.5; and 92.The next step is to classify the respondents by city, to then add up the ranking scores.Sidoarjo = 2899.5 and Surabaya = 2050.5.According to the basic concept of Mann Whitney, the next thing that must be calculated is the value of the U variable for the 2 cities, Sidoarjo and Surabaya.Measurement of Variable U can be done with the formulation U = n1.n2+ [(1 / 2.n.x (n.x + 1) -Rx] (Singgih Santoso, 2004).With understanding; n1: the number of the first city variable, Sidoarjo = 59, and then n2: variable number of the second city, Surabaya = 40.Rx: total ranking in one city, Sidoarjo = 2,899.5 and Surabaya = 2,050.5.
There will be two values for the U variable, Sidoarjo and Surabaya.In the basic Mann Whitney concept, to measure the Z value, the small value of the U variable is used between the two values of the existing U variable.With the value of Z count = -0.65745, the next step is to find the value of the Z table which is carried out at the 95% confidence level for the two-sided test where the value is ± 1.96.With the value of Z count = -0.65745, between the Z tabel value ± 1.96, H 0 is accepted.This means that the hypothesis that there is no difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Sidoarjo and Surabaya is acceptable.This is the result of Simulation 1 for Sidoarjo and Surabaya, which turns out to have the conclusion that there is no difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB between Sidoarjo and Surabaya.Furthermore, in the same way measurements can be made for Simulation 2, Surabaya and Gresik.Simulation 2 is carried out based on the recapitulation of the results of the distribution of the questionnaire on the impact of the PSBB implementation as shown in Table 5.
Starting with the preparation of a hypothesis, H 0 : There is no difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Surabaya and Gresik.H 1 : There are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Surabaya and Gresik.Furthermore, the basis for decision making is to compare the Z count value and the Z table value.If Z count < Z table then H 0 is To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

82/332
accepted and if Z count > Z table then H 0 is rejected.With the same steps as the measurement in Simulation 1, the value of Z count = -2.28792 is obtained.This value is obtained in the way as below.
With the value of Z count = -0.65745, the next step is to find the value of the Z table which is carried out at the 95% confidence level for the two-sided test where the value is ± 1.96.With the value of Z count = -2.28792< Z tabel -1.96, H 0 is rejected.This means that the hypothesis that there is no difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Surabaya and Gresik cannot be accepted.This is the result of Simulation 2 for Surabaya and Gresik which turns out to have a conclusion that there are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB between Surabaya and Gresik.Finally, in the same way, measurements can be made for Simulation 3, Gresik and Sidoarjo.Simulation 3 is carried out based on the recapitulation of the results of the distribution of the questionnaire on the impact of the PSBB implementation as shown in Table 6.
As in Simulation 1 and Simulation 2, it must be preceded by the preparation of a hypothesis such as the following, H 0 : There is no difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Gresik and Sidoarjo.H 1 : There are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Gresik and Sidoarjo.Furthermore, the basis for decision making is to compare the Z count value and the Z table value.If Z count < Z table then H 0 is accepted and if Z count > Z table then H 0 is rejected.With the same steps as the measurements in Simulation 1 and Simulation 2, the value of Z count = -2.17645 is obtained.This value is obtained in the way as below.With a value of Z count = -2.17645, the next step is to compare with Z tabel at the 95% confidence level for the two-tailed test, ± 1.96.To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

83/332
Ztabel value at 95% confedence interval H0 rejected H0 rejected H0 accepted -1,96 µ +1,96 Z = -2,17645 Sumber: adapted from nugroho (1996) Figure 3: H0 Rejected and Accepted Area -The Third Simulation With the value of Z count = -2,17645 < Z tabel -1,96, H 0 is rejected.This means that the hypothesis that there is no difference in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB in Gresik and Sidoarjo cannot be accepted.Thus the results of the last simulation for Gresik and Sidoarjo turned out to have the conclusion that there was a difference in the impact of the implementation of PSBB between Gresik and Sidoarjo.

Conclusion
Observing several simulations carried out, several conclusions were obtained.First, there is no difference in the impact of the implementation of PSBB between Sidoarjo and Surabaya.At 95% confidence level, the value of Z count = -0.65745which turned out to be greater than Z tabel = -1.96.There is in the receiving area which means H 0 or the hypothesis which states that there is no difference in the impact of implementing PSBB between Sidoarjo and Surabaya cannot be rejected.Second, with the value of Z count = -2.28792which turns out to be smaller than Z tabel = -1.96which means that there is a different impact on the application of PSBB in Surabaya and Gresik.The same thing happened in the third test for Sidoarjo and Gresik areas.With the value of Z count = -2.17645, it means that it is smaller than Z table = -1.96.This implies that there are different impacts on the application of PSBB in Sidoarjo and in Gresik.Furthermore, in the descriptive analysis, several factors were found that caused the three conclusions to occur; namely geographical, demographic, social, cultural and employment factors.

Figure 1 :
H0 Rejected and Accepted Area -The First Simulation Proceding of the International Conference on Intellectuals' Global Responsibility 2020 (ICIGR): Science for Handling the Effects of Covid-19, Facing the New Normal, and Improving Public Welfare ISSN 2722-0672 (online), https://pssh.umsida.ac.id.Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s).This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).

Figure 2 :
H0 Rejected and Accepted Area -The Second Simulation Proceding of the International Conference on Intellectuals' Global Responsibility 2020 (ICIGR): Science for Handling the Effects of Covid-19, Facing the New Normal, and Improving Public Welfare ISSN 2722-0672 (online), https://pssh.umsida.ac.id.Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s).This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).

Table 1 :
Indonesia's Economic Growth in The Last Five Years

Table 2 :
Economic Growth in The Last 6 Quarters

Table 3 :
Recapitulation of Distributing Questionnaires on the Impact of PSBB

Table 4 :
Recapitulation of Distributing Questionnaires on the Impact of PSBB Implementation in Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities Proceding of the International Conference on Intellectuals' Global Responsibility 2020 (ICIGR): Science for Handling the Effects of Covid-19, Facing the New Normal, and Improving Public Welfare ISSN 2722-0672 (online), https://pssh.umsida.ac.id.Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s).This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.U-Surabaya = 1.129.5 and U-Sidoarjo = 1.230.5.Furthermore, the smallest U value is included in the Z value measurement formulation.

Table 6 :
Recapitulation of Questionnaires on the Impact of PSBB Implementation in Gresik and Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities Proceding of the International Conference on Intellectuals' Global Responsibility 2020 (ICIGR): Science for Handling the Effects of Covid-19, Facing the New Normal, and Improving Public Welfare ISSN 2722-0672 (online), https://pssh.umsida.ac.id.Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s).This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).