Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(4):686-691 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/161.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/4/686

Material Usage of Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in Polymer Composite Systems

Petr Valášek1, Himsar Ambarita2
1 Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague. Czech Republic
2 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. Indonesia

This paper describes the material use of EFB biomass in the form of composite systems. It describes the tensile characteristics, hardness and wear resistance of polymeric disordered composites epoxy/EFB prepared by vacuum infusion. Electron microscopy was used to describe cellulose EFB fibers and their microstructures. The paper deals with a very simple material when the fibers were not separated from the EFB biomass - EFB biomass was used as it is produced by the processing line. The experiment describes composites with untreated EFB biomass and EFB biomass treated chemically with alkali - 6% aqueous NaOH. Due to the residue of the seed shells and clumps/fiber additions, the cracks initiate and the tensile characteristics decrease up to 46%. Although there have been no significant increases in observed characteristics, this material has some potential in terms of design or in the form of insulating material. The resulting properties could be enhanced by chemical treatment of the fibers, separation of fibers from the residues of the fruit and preferred fiber orientation.

Keywords: cellulose, tensile strength, renewable resources, natural fibres

Published: September 1, 2018  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Valášek P, Ambarita H. Material Usage of Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in Polymer Composite Systems. Manufacturing Technology. 2018;18(4):686-691. doi: 10.21062/ujep/161.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/4/686.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. AFFATATO, S., RUGGIERO, A., MEROLA, M., LOGOZZO, S. (2017). Does metal transfer differ on retrieved Biolox®Delta composites femoral heads? Surface investigation on three Biolox®generations from a biotribological point of view, In: Composites Part B: Engineering, 113, pp. 164 - 173. Go to original source...
    2. RUGGIERO, A., MEROLA, M., CARLONE, P., ARCHODOULAKI, V.-M. (2015). Tribo-mechanical characterization of reinforced epoxy resin under dry and lubricated contact conditions. In: Composites Part B: Engineering, 79, pp. 595 - 603. Go to original source...
    3. ROSAMAH, E., HOSSAIN, M.S., ET AL. (2016). Properties enhancement using oil palm shell nanoparticles of fibers reinforced polyester hybrid composites. In: Advanced Composite Materials, pp. 1 - 14. Go to original source...
    4. VALÁŠEK, P., RUGGIERO, A., MÜLLER, M. (2017). Experimental description of strength and tribological characteristic of EFB oil palm fibres/epoxy composites with technologically undemanding preparation. In: Composites Part B - Engineering, Vol. 122, pp. 79 - 88. Go to original source...
    5. FOWLER, P.A., HUGHES, J. M. ELIAS, R.M. (2006). Biocomposites: technology, environmental credentials and market forces. In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 86 (2006), pp.1781 - 1789. Go to original source...
    6. ROZMAN, H.D., TAY, G.S., KUMAR, R.N., ABUSAMAH, A., ISMAIL, H., MOHD. ISHAK Z.A. (2001). The effect of oil extraction of the oil palm empty fruit bunch on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-oil palm empty fruit bunch-glass fibre hybrid composites. In: Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng, 40, pp. 103 - 115. Go to original source...
    7. PATERSON, R.R.M., KUMAR, L., TAYLOR.S, LIMA, N. (2015) Future climate effects on suitability for growth of oil palms in Malaysia and Indonesia. In: Scientific Reports, n.14457. Go to original source...
    8. LIDU, S.R., MOHAMED, N., KLEMEŠ, J.J., VARBANOV, P.S., YUSUP, S. (2016). Evaluation of the energy saving opportunities for palm oil refining process: Sahabat Oil Products (SOP) in Lahad Datu. In: Malaysia Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 21, pp. 1 - 13. Go to original source...
    9. BADRI, K.H., OTHMAN, Z.B., RAZALI, I.M. (2005) Mechanical properties of poyurethane composites from oil palm resources. In: Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition), 14(5), pp. 441 - 448.
    10. KARINA, M., ONGGO, H., DAWAM ABDULLAH, A.H., SYAMPURWADI, A. (2008). Effect of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber on the physical and mechanical properties of fiber glass reinforced polyester resin. In: Journal of Biological Sciences, 1, pp. 101 - 106. Go to original source...
    11. CUI, X., ZHAO, X., ZENG, J., LOH, S. K., CHOO, Y. M., LIU, D. (2014). Robust enzymatic hydrolysis of formiline-pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) for efficient conversion of polysaccharide to sugars and ethanol. In: Bioresource Technology, 166, pp. 584 - 591. Go to original source...
    12. PALAMAE, S., PALACHUM, W., CHISTI, Y., CHOORIT, W. (2014). Retention of hemicellulose during delignification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber with peracetic acid and alkaline peroxide. In: Biomass & Bioenergy, 66, pp. 240 - 248. Go to original source...
    13. FARAH NADIA OMAR, SUHAIZA HANIM HANIPAHA ET AL. (2016). Micromechanical modelling of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres containing silica bodies. In: Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 62, pp. 106 - 118. Go to original source...
    14. HASAMUDIN, W., SOOM, RM. (2002). Road making using oil palm fiber. Malaysian. In: Palm Oil Board Information Series, No. 171.
    15. YAN, L., CHOUW, N., HUANG, L., KASAL, B. (2016). Effect of alkali treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of coir fibres, coir fibre reinforced-polymer composites and reinforced-cementitious composites. In: Construction and Building Materials, 112, pp. 168 - 182. Go to original source...
    16. VALÁŠEK, P., MÜLLER, M. (2012). Polymeric particle composites with filler saturated matrix. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 13, pp. 272 - 276.
    17. MÜLLER, M. CIDLINA, J.,DĚDIČOVÁ, K.., KROFOVÁ, A. Mechanical properties of polymeric composite based on aluminium microparticles. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 15, pp. 624 - 628.
    18. VALÁŠEK, P. (2016) Short sisal fibers reinforced epoxy resins: tensile strength. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 637 - 641. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content