Islam and the ASEAN Economic Community (Aec): a Perspective of Islamic Economy in Building a Multicultural Society in Indonesia

Problems faced by society in general now is the emergence of a view that places the material aspect which is free of the dimension value in the dominant position. View of life that is based on the ideology of materialism which then push human behavior into economic principals hedonistic, materialistic and secularistic. Indonesia as the country with the world's largest Islamic community, as well as the role of Muslims in a bid for independence is one proof that Islam teaches morality and responsibility in defending the homeland. Economic role is as the main street permanence in the life of the state. Infact, Islam teaches its followers to be a lot of the individuals who are experts in economic development as a means contributive to realize the vision of building a multicultural Indonesia.


Introduction A.
Civilization is often associated with the material, so it is not uncommon that the mark of a civilization is usually LGHQWLÀHG ZLWK PDJQLÀFHQW EXLOGLQJV RU EXLOGLQJV ZLWK D particular artistic style and pattern. It is part of the product of civilization. Indonesia towards the MEA (ASEAN Economic Community) already in front of the eyes, of course Need the readiness of the competency in the competitive power of SURÀW 7KH H[SHULHQFH RI HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW LQ WKH QHZ order that is run with the market system does not run fairly and evenly, cover the community had to swallow bitter-a bitter reality in which Government is more in favor of the economic elite have big capital, so more ease of support. 1 Although LQLWLDOO\ H[SHFWHG WR IDYRU WR FRPPXQLW\ HFRQRPLF PHGLXP WKH fact that the issue of the economy also poses various problems due to interference with the condition of interest.
7KH PHWKRGRORJ\ XVHG LQ WKLV SDSHU LV D TXDOLWDWLYH PHWKRG XVLQJ GHVFULSWLYH DQDO\VLV DQG OLWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ 7KH data used is the publication of Law No. 10 of 1998, Law No. 3 of 2006 on the Amendment of Law No. 7 of 1989 About the Religious Courts which authorizes the Religious Courts to resolve disputes sharia economy is a political move marvelous law in completing the institutional "law" to realize the economy movement syariah in Indonesia, so that now the real Islamic economic movement gained support from YDULRXV SDUWLHV 7KXV ,VODP LV EHOLHYHG WR EH WKH UHOLJLRQ RI the "comprehensive" provides settlement of problems in the economic order in the face of the impartiality of the public, submitted bids is a concept that was born and is based on WKH VRFLR HFRQRPLF V\VWHP RI ,VODP ZKLFK LV H[SHFWHG WR SURYLGH VROXWLRQV WR H[LVWLQJ SUREOHPV ZLWK SROLFLHV WKDW IDYRU FRPPXQLW\ EHQHÀW DQG HFRQRPLF MXVWLFH 2 7KH FDSLWDOLVW economic system has failed to solve the problems of humanity, social and economic. It is capable of prospering capitalist individual or a particular country materially. But keep in mind the welfare and prosperity are built on the suffering of people or other countries. Capitalists are not able to resolve economic LPEDODQFHV DQG VRFLDO LQHTXDOLW\ RQ WKH FRQWUDU\ LW FUHDWHV DQG SHUSHWXDWHV WKH JDS WR PDLQWDLQ LWV H[LVWHQFH 7KLV LV ZKHUH ,VODP WR FULWLFLVP RI WKH FDSLWDOLVW HFRQRPLF system that is responsible for the change in direction, pattern DQG VWUXFWXUH RI WKH ZRUOG HFRQRP\ WRGD\ 7KHUH VKRXOG EH DQ intensive study to provide an alternative view, the formulation and development strategies, multicultural society with Islamic economic system.

B.
Build Concept of Islamic Economics 1.
Step change in the economy of Muslims, especially in Indonesia should begin with the understanding that economic activity in the Islamic views the demands of life dimension of ZRUVKLS ,W LV OLVWHG LQ 4 6 DO $UDI > @ ZKLFK PHDQV ´Indeed, we have put all our earth and put upfront for you on earth that was the source of livelihood very little you are grateful." Also mentioned in Q.S. DO 0XON > @ 4 6 DQ 1DED· > @ DQG 4 6 DO -XPX·DK > @ ,VODPLF HFRQRPLF DFWLYLWLHV DUH QRW SXUHO\ PDWHULDO EXW DOVR DLPV WR PHHW WKH QHHGV RI RQH·V OLIH LV VLPSOH *UHHG\ IRU wealth and attitude that emphasizes the sheer material, highly FULWLFL]HG $OWKRXJK LQ WKH 6KDUL·DK UHFRJQL]HG WKH ULJKWV RI WKH LQGLYLGXDO QDWXUH RI DQ REMHFW LW GRHV QRW PHDQ DQ\WKLQJ DW LWV top, one can act arbitrarily. Because of economic activity in the Islamic view, in addition to meeting the needs of life itself is still attached to the rights of others.
Islam is a religion that is concerned with the afterlife, and therefore the life of the world really needs to be carried on sharia rules with the goal of happiness of the world and the KHUHDIWHU 7KLV GHPDQG LQFOXGHV DOO DVSHFWV RI FRPPXQLW\ OLIH including the implementation of the Islamic economic system VXFK DV ,QGRQHVLD ZLWK WKH PDMRULW\ RI WKH DGKHUHQWV RI ,VODP ,VODP KDV RXWOLQHG WKH UXOHV RI JHQHUDO SULQFLSOHV DQG VSHFLÀF to humans in seeking grace of God so that the harmony of life is always maintained. In other words, Islam ordered its followers to get gift of God with sincerity.
Islamic economic development has become the center of a long study, because of its scope to collide directly with the public. Basically, the concept of economic development of Islam departed from the human resource development itself, because the Islamic economic development is inseparable IURP EXLOGLQJ D VXPPDU\ RI WKH ÀQDQFLDO V\VWHP JRYHUQDQFH HFRQRPLF MXVWLFH DQG VRFLDO HTXDOLW\ 'HYHORSPHQW LQ ,VODP encapsulates the spectrum of values in the Islamic system, the social system that protects the rights of the Ummah. According WR +DEDNNXN Economic development is an immensely complicated process. ,W LV QRW MXVW PDWWHU RI QDWXUDO FDSLWDO DQG ODERU UHVRXUFHV It is part of the whole social development of a society; it is not merely depend on economic circumstances but on social structure and the attitudes of people to life as a whole. 3 At the same time the overall development of a country cannot be separated from the three key factors. Firstly, awareness about the deterioration in all the factors. Secondly, important awareness about trying to get up and remove setbacks. Third, step and action to remove erase setbacks. Although it is not denied thet the most important element in the economic development of Islam is the human element. Economic development in the perspective of Islam has always optimized the factors of community welfare, morals, property ownership, the value of the vertical and social Islam. Ibrahim argues that the main concern of economic development in the Islamic economic system is the well-being of humans (human welfare). 4 7KH SURFHVV RI HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW LQ ,VODPLF thought should humanely as possible. He should be concerned with education, promoting social integration and conservation of the environment. For him, economic development must be sustained (continuous) and not forgetting the generations to come (future generation).

Economic System of Islam vs Capitalist Economic 2. System
Islamic Economics is the embodiment of the Islamic paradigm. Economic development of Islam, is a form of UHVLVWDQFH DJDLQVW WKH HFRQRPLF FDSLWDOLVW V\VWHP DV LW H[LVWV today. With the aim of formulating and looking for an economic V\VWHP WKDW KDV WKHVH DGYDQWDJHV WR FRYHU GHÀFLHQFLHV ZKLFK are not capitalist economic system in favour of people.
According to Hussin Salamon, there are a number of principles underlying the process of distribution in the HFRQRP\ RI ,VODP ERUQ IURP WKH 4XU·DQ 5 The Prohibition of Riba a.
,Q WKH 4XU·DQ WKH ZRUG ULED XVHG ZLWK YDULRXV PHDQLQJV DV it grows, add, fertilize, develop and become great and numerous. ,Q JHQHUDO WKH ULED PHDQV LQFUHDVHG ERWK TXDOLWDWLYHO\ DV ZHOO DV TXDQWLWDWLYHO\ 6 7KH SURKLELWLRQ RI ULED LV D YHU\ IXQGDPHQWDO problem in the economy. First because of the riba is prohibited E\ WKH 4 6 DU 5XP > @ ´$QG VRPHWKLQJ ULED DGGLWLRQDO that you gave her to grow human treasures, then the Riba does not add it on the side of God. And what you give in the form of tithes who you meant to reach, then God means (which doing so) that those who fold the duplicate (a reward)." An Islamic economic system must be free of interest (riba ULED LV H[WRUWLRQ WR WKH VKRUWQHVV RI KLV OLIH KDUG SUHVVHG by necessity.

Prohibition of b.
at- Tanajusi  gabn al-fahisy $V IRU WKH 6KHLNK 7DTL\XGGLQ DQ 1DEKDQL H[SODLQV ghabn is selling/buying something at a price more than comparable or less than a comparable, if any of these LWHPV DUH GRQH LQWHQWLRQDOO\ DV D ZD\ WR FKHDW WR SURÀW it is forbidden in Islam, whether it is performed by the buyer or seller (receiver or contract bidder). However, if in accordance with market demand and supply so he does not become a mistake.

Al-Ghallat 5)
Al-Ghallat is an error or the recipient contract that makes a response or misunderstanding of a contract ZKHUH LI WKH FRPPXQLW\ ZKR NQRZ WKH WKLQJV VKH ZRQ·W do the contract. Ghallat not only prohibited by Islamic MXULVSUXGHQFH KRZHYHU DUH IDEULFDWHG LQ ,VODPLF ÀTK Prohibition of 6) al-maysir (gambling system) Al-maysir is a business activity in which clearly are chancy or speculation that irrational, illogical, obscure stuff WKDW RIIHUHG ERWK TXDQWLWDWLYHO\ DV ZHOO DV TXDOLWDWLYHO\ Business activities containing the activities of maisyir are the business activities carried out in order to get something with a chancy or pitted fate. Islam forbids all forms of crime, the anything does all acts that give ULVH WR UHJDUG IRU VHOI DQG RWKHUV (YHQ LQ WKH 4XU·DQ al-maysir principals with the offender drank alcohol (Q.S. DO 0D·LGDK > @ Economic Capitalism was born of the motives of individual interests, with familiar liberalism with the onset of free markets. Milton H. Spancer wrote in his book contemporary economic "capitalism is a system of economic organisation in the private property rights attributed by (individual) over the means of production, and the distribution of land and its utilization is XVHG HQWLUHO\ IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI PDJQLWXGH LQ YHU\ competitive conditions".

Limitations of Contemporary Theories of Justice d.
7KH TXHVWLRQ RI WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI WKH UROH WKH FRXQWU\ cannot be removed in the discussions of the contemporary HFRQRP\ 7KLV SUREOHP LV UHODWHG WR KRZ WKH 6WDWH WRRN LQ HQVXULQJ PDLQWDLQ DQG UHJXODWH D YDULHW\ RI RZQHUVKLS 7KLV LV one of the decisive issues in a range of contemporary economic systems and becomes an element of difference between one system with another system. Economic  Secondly, on the issue of resources, principles of Libertarianism asserts that this world was originally no one has. If so, how this world is to be treated is not an important problem of Justice.
Third WKHUH DUH VHYHUDO WKHRULHV RI MXVWLFH DUH WRR HPSKDVL]HG RQH DVSHFW RI IDFW DQG WKH VKHHU HFRQRPLF MXVWLFH problems resulting in less able to give precise answers to the SUREOHP RI -XVWLFH LWVHOI 3ULQFLSOH %DVHG 5HVRXUFHV VLJQLÀFDQWO\ does not provide a place for social responsibility over those less fortunate, and no subsidies for those less revenues; Principlebased Welfare (Utilitarianism), based on the great happiness for WKH JUHDW QXPEHU VDFULÀFLQJ D VPDOO JURXS RI SHRSOH RQ EHKDOI RI WKH LQWHUHVWV RU ZHOIDUH RI WKH PDMRULW\ DQG SULQFLSOH EDVHG 5HSO\ ZDV DOVR XQDEOH WR SURYLGH DQVZHUV WR TXHVWLRQV when everyone must receive a reply or wages in accordance with the actual effort and contribution to the community, and who is responsible for the condition of those less fortunate in society?
Fourth, in the principle of Radical Egalitarianism, when everyone should have the same level of in need of goods and services, where recognition of the difference of antarorang per person and for those who are economically more productive?
Fifth EDVHG RQ IUHH PDUNHW FRPSHWLWLRQ PRUDOO\ UHTXLUHG as a trusted tool for allocating and distributing resources HTXLWDEO\ 7KH IDFWV VKRZ WKH VWUHQJWK RI WKH PDUNHW ZDV not fully able to meet the task allocation and distribution in a fair manner. In these conditions, who is responsible for the redistribution of those less fortunate?
Sixth According to the Islamic State had the right to intervene in economic activity either in the form of surveillance, setting as well as the implementation of economic activities that are not able to be implemented by the community. In Islamic economic concepts, how to control the price is determined by the cause. When the cause is Genuine change in the demand and supply Genuine, then the mechanism of control is done through market intervention (price controls). Whereas if the cause is a distortion of Genuine demand and Genuine supply, then the mechanism of control is done through the removal of distortions including determination of price intervention to UHVWRUH WKH 6WDWH EHIRUH WKH SULFH GLVWRUWLRQV 7KH QHHG IRU WKH role of the State or the central authority was inevitable because the well-being of the human race is not possible unless it is in a social system and with cooperation. Economic activity needs to be secured through a system of Government that carries moral limitations in order to be enforced, and he was UHVSRQVLEOH IRU DOO RI WKH PDQGDWHG UROHV 7KH UROH RI WKH 6WDWH LV QRW DQRWKHU LQ RUGHU WR FUHDWH DQ HTXLWDEOH HFRQRPLF RUGHU 4 6 DO +DGLG > @ 7KH UROH DQG WKH LQWHUYHQWLRQ RI WKH 6WDWH LQ WKH economic order and life of the inhabitants, as such, of course. 4XU·DQ VXSSRUWV IUHHGRP DQG SODFLQJ OLPLWDWLRQV WKDW DUH QRW UHTXLUHG 7KHUHIRUH WKH UROH RI WKH 6WDWH LQ WKLV UHJDUG PXVW be a complementary role of the market to ensure the allocation and distribution of resources in a fair and ethical competition. Because it limits the role of the State that complement it is to keep the sense of Justice (al-'adl) and general welfare of its main (al-falah). Build synergy fellow economic institutions 6KDUL·DK PXVW EHJLQ ZLWK D XQLI\LQJ YLVLRQ PLVVLRQ DQG FDUHIXO HFRQRPLF SUDFWLWLRQHUV RI 6KDUL·DK 8QLI\ YLVLRQ DQG PLVVLRQ EHWZHHQ ,VODPLF ÀQDQFLDO LQVWLWXWLRQV DUH DFWXDOO\ QRW VR GLIÀFXOW EHFDXVH WKH LQVWLWXWLRQ ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG QRW PHUHO\ upon the consideration of the market, but the legitimate considerations, namely the wish to develop an economic system and practise Sharia Islamic kaffah who brought grace to WKH KRVWV 7KH IRUPDWLRQ RI WKH ,VODPLF HFRQRPLF V\QHUJ\ RI course should be supported by the Government. Tadakhul addauliyah, government intervention crucial forward or whether this economic system. A conglomeration of wealth occurred because of "market failure" the capitalist system that is based on the market. When people are allowed to compete in the free market mechanism, without values, without rules and intervention of the Government, there was a great economic 'DUZLQLVP 7KH VWURQJ ZLOO JHW VWURQJHU EH FRQWUROOHG DFFHVV access the economy, resources, so the centralization of capital. 5HVSRQG WR WKH FKDOOHQJHV DQG RSSRUWXQLWLHV RI LQMXVWLFH WR RIIHU YDOXHV WKH RULJLQDO MXVWLFH LQ GLDOHFWLFDO VSDFH ZKHUH various economic systems interlocking competed, and VFUDPEOH WKH LQÁXHQFH ERWK SUHYLRXV GLVFXVVLRQV KDYH JLYHQ DQ DOWHUQDWLYH DQVZHU WR WKH SUREOHP RI LQMXVWLFH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ and theology dimension in relation to the main issues that concern the activity of possession, production, consumption, distribution, and role of the State. Islamic Ethics establish moral principles for established and internalized in economic LQVWLWXWLRQV 7KHVH LQVWLWXWLRQV GHWHUPLQH KRZ HYHU\RQH struggling for life, entering contracts and transactions, the H[FKDQJH RI JRRGV DQG VHUYLFHV ZLWK WKH RWKHU SDUW\ DQG produce the Foundation material independently over the VXUYLYDO RI WKH HFRQRP\ 7KURXJK WKHVH SULQFLSOHV DOVR HFRQRPLF MXVWLFH LV QRW RQO\ IUHHV HYHU\RQH WR HQJDJH FUHDWLYHO\ in the economics-oriented work, but also beyond it, that being the soul and the spirit to them.
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH SULQFLSOHV RI IDLUQHVV in economic activity was to prosper at both the individual and FROOHFWLYH OHYHOV 7KH HIIRUW RI PDLQWDLQLQJ D ´VHQVH RI MXVWLFHµ and applying ethical principles in order toward the welfare (sense of happiness) spawned a number of implications in WKH SURFHVV WKH DJHQF\ V\VWHP WKURXJK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI the values of Justice as the motives acting (motive of action) in economic activity the embodiment of "religious obligations and virtues" in economic activity, the establishment of a "socioeconomic management systemµ WKDW DUH HTXLWDEOH KXPDQH DQG environmentally friendly and the implementation of the *RYHUQPHQW·V UROH role of state) in running the political system and the policy fairly and prosper for all.
7KH IXWXUH RI WKH FRXQWU\ GHSHQGV RQ KRZ WKH HIIRUWV RI the concept of a more integrated economic development which puts the interests of the community, have the competitiveness and the capacity of the ASEAN Economic Community market penetrated. It also depends on the system and the management RI 6WDWH DQG VRFLDO HTXLW\ ÀUP DQG IUHH IURP XQQDWXUDO SROLWLFDO interventions and interests. A system and a culture that is free RI FRUUXSWLRQ DQG QHSRWLVP LQ DGGLWLRQ WR DEXVH SHRSOH·V mandate for a particular party or group interests.