TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING, TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION, AND pH OF HOT SPRINGS IN PADANG GANTING, TANAH DATAR, WEST SUMATRA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Padang Ganting, located in Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, has hot springs that attract tourists and is currently one of the tourist attractions registered under the Department of Tourism, Youth, and Sports of Tanah Datar Regency (Amsar, 2023).The hot spring tourism in this area is intriguing to explore as it reflects complex geological processes and its potential for geothermal energy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research methodology employed in this study involves the application of field methods in mapping for geological and geochemical exploration (Idrus, 2021).(Ferdi, Saputra, Rahmawati, & Budianta, 2022) in their mapping of land and flood-prone areas in Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi.

District Accessibility
The hot spring is located in Koto Gadang  (Koesoemadinata, 1981).
The location maps in Figure 2 and

Tools and Materials
The tools and materials used in this study are categorized based on primary and secondary data sources, as depicted in Table 1.

Research Procedure
The

Geological Conditions
The       understanding the health benefits associated with these hot springs.

Discussion
The underground hydrological system is considered complex because groundwater interacts intensively with the surrounding rock environment it traverses (Noviani, 2021).Similarly, in hot spring areas, there is often a complex interaction between infiltrating water and geothermal heat.
Geothermal geological studies are interesting to understand the origins and formation processes of the hot springs.In this context, topographic mapping, temperature distribution, and pH levels of the hot springs in Padang Ganting are initial investigative steps by researchers.Topographic mapping is necessary to understand the geological conditions around the Padang Ganting hot springs area, while the temperature distribution and pH levels provide insights into the https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.86131https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/information, it is hoped that the available geothermal resources in Padang Ganting can be revealed.This research not only provides insights into the geological conditions involved in the formation of the hot springs but also opens up opportunities for the development of supporting infrastructure in the area.Thus, this study is an important initial step in understanding and harnessing the geothermal potential in Padang Ganting, Tanah Datar, West Sumatra.Hot springs are part of the geothermal system or Earth's heat.Geothermal energy found in volcanic zones refers to the phenomenon of heat energy generated from geothermal activity associated with magmatic systems in active volcanic crusts.This process involves heat produced from the formation of magma beneath the Earth's surface, which heats water in geothermal reservoirs located near these volcanic zones (Marry, 2017).Hot springs form when surface water infiltrates into the Earth's crust and reaches layers near magma or hot rocks beneath the surface.This process heats the water, which then rises back to the surface through cracks or fissures in the Earth's crust.(Umar et al., 2020).After reaching the surface, this hot water then forms hot springs that can be used by humans for various purposes, such as bathing or as a source of thermal energy.These hot springs are natural outlets where the heated water emerges from the ground, often enriched with minerals, and they are sought

Figure
Figure 3 indicate specific areas in Padang Ganting, Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, where the exploration of hot springs is conducted.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Research flow diagram geological conditions at the Padang Ganting hot springs, as described by (Adelin Aviva, 2022), reveal a morphological landscape characterized by high hills with elevations ranging from 500 to 925 meter above sea level.These hills exhibit steep slopes and valleys, indicative of intense erosion processes shaping the terrain.The denudational hills consist of lithologies that have undergone weathering, comprising sandstone, shale, clay, and granite formations.This geological composition suggests a history of sedimentation and subsequent erosion, contributing to the diverse topography and rock formations observed in the area.Understanding the geological morphology of the Padang Ganting hot springs provides valuable insights into the landscape's formation processes and the underlying geological condition that influence its hydrological features and environmental characteristics.Geological map of Padang Ganting as seen on Figure 4. https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.86131https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/86131Topographic Mapping, Temperature Distribution… | 210

Figure 2 .Figure 3 .
Figure 2. The Google map of the hot spring area of Padang Ganting (Source: map processing from www.map.google.com)

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Topographic Map of the Padang Ganting Hot Spring area (Source: coordinate data processing using Surfer application)

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Padang Ganting Hot Spring Points (Source: researcher documentation and map processing from www.map.google.com)

Figure 7 .
Figure 7.Estimated distribution of hot spring temperatures in Padang Ganting (Source: processing of hot spring water surface temperature data using Surfer application)

Figure 8 .
Figure 8.Estimated Distribution of Temperature of Padang Ganting Hot Springs (Source: processing of hot spring water pH data using Surfer application) Rainwater or surface water seeps into the ground and moves through cracks and pores in the rocks.As it travels downwards, this water heats up due to geothermal activity in the Earth's crust.This heating process may involve direct contact with hot https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.86131https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/hot spring water.The environmental mineralization zone of the hot spring area, characterized by the presence of dominant quartz-rich granite rocks, indicating significant geothermal and mineralization potential in the area.The same phenomenon occurs in the geothermal system of Langkawi Island, West Malaysia, due to the intrusion of granite, which acts as a heating source for the hydrological system (Baioumy, Nawawi, Nordin, Wagner, & Arifin, 2013).Quartz-rich granite is an indicator of complex geological processes occurring beneath the Earth's surface, often associated with hydrothermal conditions.Granites in hydrothermal environments undergo albitization due to the circulation of immature meteoric water (Shah, Sircar, Shah, & Dholakia, 2021)(Fajrin & Putra, 2021) containing alkali and alkali earth ions such as Na, K, and Ca (Kaur et al., 2012).The presence of sandstone tuff ejected by hot springs indicates the deposition of minerals from hot water solutions upon cooling.Sand tuff is composed of fragments from igneous rocks (Al Dwairi & Sharadqah, 2014).Its presence signifies significant hydrothermal activity and may hint at abundant mineralization.The high temperature distribution around the mineralization zone suggests strong geothermal potential, a characteristic https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.86131https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/of the hot water indicates the presence of certain minerals that impart such characteristics.The near-neutral pH can result from dissolved minerals like alkali and alkali earth metals present in the hot water.The slightly brackish taste of the hot water suggests the presence of minerals such as salts, as evidenced by the content of Li, Na, K, Mg, Cl, and B in parts per million according to research conducted by (Fajrin & Putra, 2021), The alkali and alkaline earth metal content is related to the alteration products of hydrothermal environments in granitic rocks, as evidenced in geochemical studies of Central Japan (Nishimoto & Yoshida, 2010).Overall, the environmental mineralization zone with dominant quartz-rich granite, sandstone tuff deposits, high temperature distribution, and the relationship between pH and the taste of the hot water provide strong indications of significant geothermal and mineralization potential in the area.This information serves as a basis for further exploration of geothermal and mineral resources in the region, as well as for the sustainable development of hot spring tourist attractions.CONCLUSIONS Based on the discussed article, it can be concluded that mapping activities at hot spring environment in Padang Ganting, Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, holds significant geothermal and mineralization potential.Characteristics such as the presence of dominant quartzrich granite rocks, low temperature distribution, and sandstone tuff deposits indicate strong geothermal potential in the area.Additionally, the environment also exhibits significant mineralization, as evidenced by the presence of quartzrich granite rocks and sandstone tuff deposits.The hot water in Padang Ganting has a near-neutral pH and a slightly brackish taste, indicating the presence of certain minerals in the hot water.With its unique geological doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.86131https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/

Table 1 . Equipment and Research Materials Category Equipment/ Material Data Source
Topographic Mapping, Temperature Distribution… | 208