IMPACT OF LAHAR DISASTERS ON STUDENTS’ SELF-AWARENESS AT SMK NEGERI 1 SALAM, MAGELANG REGENCY

Article History Indonesia is located in the subduction zone of three world tectonic plates, so it is prone to several natural disasters, including the eruption of the Merapi Volcano in Magelang Regency. The main threats are hot clouds, volcanic dust, and floods of Lahar . SMK Negeri 1 Salam, as one of the schools in prone areas, needs to be prepared to face these threats, this study aimed to analyze the effect of the experience of Lahar disasters on the self-awareness of students at SMK Negeri 1 Salam, Magelang Regency. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was used in this study. The research sample was students of SMK Negeri 1 Salam as many as 310 students were selected using the Slovin formula. Data was collected through questionnaires consisting of the two main variables namely Lahar disaster experience and self-awareness. Data analysis using Pearson product-moment correlation test and prerequisite test. Disaster experience is evaluated through three indicators: direct experience, characteristics of the disaster, and preparedness to deal with it. The results showed significant experience, especially in understanding the characteristics of disasters, but the level of awareness of learners was in the moderate category. These findings highlight the need for more attention to understanding the actions needed in the event of a disaster. Thus, increasing awareness and preparedness of learners against disasters needs to be considered in the development


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is one of the countries with a high level of natural disaster vulnerability (Wibowo et al., 2023) A natural disaster is a natural event that results in a major impact on humans (Hardiyanto & Pulungan, 2019).Several types of natural disasters occur in the form of   (Yugyasmono & Kurniawan, 2021).The border between these plates forms a series of world volcanoes commonly known as the Ring of Fire, this causes Indonesia to have a lot of active volcanoes (Siswono & Khasanah, 2019).
One of the active volcanoes in Indonesia is Merapi Volcano, where eruptions of Merapi Volcano occur periodically almost every few years.Between the years 1672 to 2010, there were more than 80 eruptions, with an interval between 1-18 years or an average of 4 years (Rahayu et al., 2014).In line with Surono et al., (2012) Eruptions in the twentieth century occurred every 4 to 6 years and produced viscous lava domes which collapsed to form pyroclastic flows and subsequent lahar.Merapi volcano has typical characteristic with collapsing and constructing lava dome in each period indicated by the affinity of differentiating magma basaltic into andesitic (Wulaningsih et al., 2013)

MATERIALS AND METHOD
This research was conducted at SMK (Vocational high School) Negeri 1 Salam.The instrument for data collection of       Confidence.The following are the results of the self-awareness variable.

Emotional Self Awareness
Emotional

Self Confidence
The Self-confidence indicator consists of 2 questions.The results are shown in   Based on the homogeneity test (Table 5), it is known that the significance value of the homogeneity test is 0.507, it shows that the significance value is greater than 0.05 so that it can be concluded that the population data is homogeneous.

Hypothesis Test
Hypothesis testing is carried out to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Testing this hypothesis uses a significance level of 5% with the provision of calculating > r-table.This hypothesis was tested using Pearson product-moment correlation analysis.variables include a positive correlation so the higher the experience of disasters of students at SMK Negeri 1 Salam, the higher the Self-awareness of students against Lahar disasters.Similar to Kartika et al., (2020) found that there is a positive relationship between knowledge and disaster preparedness in the community, and there is a relationship between experience and disaster preparedness in the community.This is strengthened by Astuti et al, ( 2021) who revealed that disaster experience is influenced people's awareness and preparedness for disasters.

CONCLUSIONS
The conclusions that can be drawn based on the results of the above explanation are in the form of water-related events, including typhoons, droughts, and floods.
survey is the questionnaire designed to ge the responses from the sample, the instrument is designed to reflect the basic purpose of the study.The questionnaire is a data collection technique by distributes a question to respondents to fill in (Sukandarrumidi, 2012).The distribution of questionnaires was distributed to students of SMK (Vocational high School) Negeri 1 Salam, where the location of the school is adjacent to areas prone to Lahar disasters.This was done to obtain information to analyze the effect of the experience of the Lahar disasters on the self-awareness of students of SMK Negeri 1 Salam.The questionnaire was distributed from class X to class XII SMK Negeri 1 Salam.A Guttman measurement scale was used in this questionnaire consisting of 2 choices on each question, the choices are Yes and No. Before testing the data, the instrument prerequisite test is carried out first by calculating its validity and reliability.The calculation of the validity of the validity of the instrument uses the pearson product moment correlation formula and the reliability test uses cronbach alpha.

Table 1 . Research Sample
Fabong (2024)rg/10.20961/ge.v10i2.85746https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/85746ImpactOfLahar Disasters On … | 156 Borg and Gall argue that correlational research is looking for the correlation between one variable to another variable to understand a phenomenon by determining the degree of relationship between these variables.Population is the entire subject or object that is studied.The population in this study is 1374 students of SMK (Vocational high School) Negeri 1 Salam from class X to class XII.Consists of 463 students in class X, 456 students in class XI, and 455 students in class XII.group.The population of this study was 1374 learners who were then sampled with the Slovin formula.The research sample is shown in Table 1.(procedure or device) used by researchers to systematically select some items or individuals that are relatively smaller than a predetermined population to be used as subjects or data sources for observation or experiments according to purpose.This study used a stratified random sampling because the study population was not at the same level.The data collection techniques were https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.85746https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/85746ImpactOfLahar Disasters On … | 157observation, documentation, dan using instrument.Accroding toFabong (2024)

Experience of Students of SMK N 1 Salam to the Lahar Disaster The
experience variable is the independent variable or X variable.This variable was measured using a https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.85746https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/85746Impact Of Lahar Disasters On … | 158

Table 2 .
Experience Variable Results Impact Of Lahar Disasters On … | 161

Table 3 .
Variable Results Self-Awareness

Table 4 .
Normality Test Results

Table 5 .
Homogeneity Test Results Source: Primary Source, 2023 Impact Of Lahar Disasters On … | 165

Table 6 .
Correlation Test Results

Table 6 .
represents the results of the

Awareness) of Students Against Lahar Disaster Variable
://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i2.85746https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/GeoEco/article/view/85746 Self Awareness has 3 indicators.The first is the indicator of Emotional significant influence.It can be concluded that the correlation of 0.394 is classified as a strong correlation.The X and Y httpsImpact Of Lahar Disasters On … | 168